Как айсберг стал причиной трагедии титаника кратко на английском

Обновлено: 02.07.2024

Тема по английскому языку: Титаник

История Титаника

Титаник был британским лайнером, который затонул 15 апреля 1912 года. Это был самый крупный пассажирский пароход в мире. Считавшийся самым быстроплавающим и почти непотопляемым кораблем, Титаник отправился в свое первое плавание и нес на борту среди 2 223 пассажиров и экипажа множество знаменитостей. Через четыре дня после начала путешествия он столкнулся с айсбергом и затонул. Эта ужасная морская катастрофа повлекла за собой смерть 1 517 человек, большинство из которых были мужчинами. Основной причиной смерти было переохлаждение, так как вода в Атлантике была почти 0 градусов. Несмотря на соответствие всем правилам того времени, количество имевшихся на корабле спасательных шлюпок было рассчитано только на 1 178 человек.

Причины трагедии

Создание корабля

Титаник принадлежал Уайт Стар Лайн и был сконструирован в Белфасте. Корабль был спроектирован одними из самых выдающихся инженеров с использованием самых продвинутых технологий, доступных в то время. Для многих явилось шоком, что несмотря на интенсивные меры безопасности, Титаник затонул.

Описание лайнера

Это был огромный и роскошный корабль. В секции первого класса был бассейн, спортзал, корт для игры в сквош, турецкая баня, электрическая ванная и летнее кафе. Обычные комнаты первого класса были украшены деревом и имели дорогую мебель. В первом и втором классе были библиотеки и парикмахерские. Комнаты третьего класса имели сосновую отделку и жесткую мебель из тикового дерева.

Исследование обломков

Идея найти обломки Титаника появилась вскоре после того, как корабль затонул, но до 1 сентября 1985 данные попытки были безуспешными. Среди обломков было найдено почти 6 000 артефактов. Многие из них показаны в Национальном морском музее в Гринвиче, Англия.

Steamship Titanic

The history of Titanic

Titanic was the British liner that sank on 15 April, 1912. It was the largest passenger steamship in the world. Thought to be the fastest ship afloat and almost unsinkable, Titanic was on her maiden voyage and carried many notables among 2,223 persons aboard. After four days of the trip it struck an iceberg and sank. This terrible maritime disaster resulted in the deaths of 1,517 people, most of whom were men rather than women and children. The main cause of death was hypothermia as the water in the Atlantic was almost 0 degrees Celsius. Although complying with all the regulations of the time, the ship carried lifeboats for only 1,178 people.

Investigations

Official and other investigations revealed that messages of warning had been sent but had either not been received by the commanding officers of the ship or had been ignored by them. The ship had continued at full speed even after the warnings were sent. Other vessels in the vicinity were unable to reach the Titanic.

Creating the ship

Titanic was owned by the White Star Line and constructed in Belfast. The ship was designed by some of the most experienced engineers and used some of the most advanced technologies available at that time. It was a great shock to many that, despite the extensive safety features, Titanic sank.

Describing the liner

It was a huge and luxurious ship. The First-class section had an on-board swimming pool, a gymnasium, a squash court, Turkish bath, Electric bath and a Verandah café. First-class common rooms were decorated with wood; they also had expensive furniture in them. There were libraries and barber shops in both the first and second-class. The third class general room had pine panelling and sturdy teak furniture.

Finding the wreck

The idea of finding the wreck of Titanic came shortly after the ship sank but no attempts were successful until 1 September, 1985. Approximately 6,000 artefacts were from the wreck. Many of these were put on display at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England.

The Titanic, the biggest, finest ship of its time.
Many people thought it was unsinkable, but they were wrong.

The Titanic

In the 1800s, it became popular to build ships that offered people the ease of home. Passengers could have their own private rooms. There were dining areas where people could eat meals. There were places to exercise. There were libraries with books where people could sit and read. Some ships even had swimming pools!
One ship company was the White Star Line. In 1909, it decided to build the biggest, greatest ship. The company named its ship the Titanic. The word titanic means gigantic, or very big.
When people looked at the size of the Titanic, they could easily believe that it was strong. The Titanic was 269 meters long. It had 9 different desks, or levels. If the ship were to stand on its end, it would have been taller than many buildings during that time! The ship weighed about 60 million kilograms. And it could carry 3547 people.

The people who build the Titanic tried to make it the safest ship as well as the biggest ship. The ship had 16 watertight rooms. These rooms were at the bottom of the ship. They were filled with nothing but air. The air helped the Titanic to float. If the ship experienced damage and one room started to fill with water, the other rooms would keep the ship floating. In fact, people believed that the ship could still float even if five of the rooms were filled with water. At the time the watertight rooms were a new engineering idea. Passengers believed that this would protect the Titanic from sinking.

The titanic was also the finest luxury ship of its time. The inside of the Titanic looked the home of a king! There were stairs that connected each different level. One set of stairs was called “Grand Staircase.” That is because it was so beautiful. There were many details cut into the wood. There were golden lights on the ceilings. And there were also lights made of fine crystal glass. Many of the ships in that day had hard wood floors. But the ship builders put soft cloth carpet on the floors of the Titanic.
People could purchase first, second, or third class tickets to ride on the Titanic. The first class tickets cost the most money. People holding a first class ticket experienced all of the best things of the ship. But everyone riding the Titanic experienced wonderful things that they usually did not experience at home.
For example, many people with third class tickets were poor. They wanted to ride on the Titanic from Europe to America. They did not plan to ever return home. They were going to start a new life in America. But even the poor, third class passengers felt special on the Titanic. All of the rooms on the ship had water in the rooms. This was something many of the third class passengers did not have at home.

On April 10, 1912 the Titanic started on its first trip. It was travelling from Southampton, England to New York City in the United States.
Four days into the trip the captain received warnings about icebergs. These large pieces of ice float on the ocean. And several large icebergs were in the path of the Titanic. However, the captain was not concerned about the ice. He believed that it would not damage the ship. At eleven o’clock, on April 14, the Titanic hit an iceberg. The ice did cause damage.
It made a large tear on the bottom of the boat.
Cold, icy, water poured into the bottom of the Titanic. It filled a few of the watertight rooms. Soon, because of an engineering mistake, most of the watertight rooms were filled with water. The Titanic began to sink.
People on the ship were not prepared. They did not know how to get off the boat safely. There were lifeboats – small boats that could float to safety. But there were not enough lifeboats for all the passengers. Even worse, the crew of the ship did not fill the lifeboats. Many more people could have escaped.

In this situation, some people showed great bravery. One famous example was the ship’s musicians. They knew that they would not escape. So they sat with their instruments, and played music for the people left on the boat. Some people reported that they played the Christian song, “Nearer My God to You.” The words if this song speak about how God is close in difficult times.
But soon, the ship was sinking fast. It broke into two pieces, and many passengers fell into the cold water. They died quickly from the extreme cold. Others drowned inside the ship as it sank. The lifeboats only rescued thirteen people from the water.

At that time, the rule was that women and children escaped first. So more than 90 percent of the men on the ship died. Most second and third class passengers also did not escape. About 1500 people died – two thirds of the people on the ship. It was a great tragedy – one of the worst accidents on the sea at that time.

Перевод

В то время существовало правило: первыми покидали корабль женщины и дети. Таким образом, более 90 процентов мужчин на корабле погибли. Не сбежало и большинство пассажиров второго и третьего классов. Погибло около 1500 человек — две трети людей на корабле. Это была великая трагедия — одна из самых страшных морских катастроф того времени.

Крупнейший корабль в мире

Подготовка к плаванию и крушение

На лайнере находилось много состоятельных людей, большинство из которых были очень влиятельны в те годы. По невероятному совпадению Джон П. Морган и еще несколько миллионеров отказались от плавания в самый последний момент. Знали ли они что-то или это банальная случайность — этого мы не узнаем, наверное, никогда. В любой случае отказавшиеся от поездки стали невероятными счастливчиками.

Только ли айсберг стали причиной?

Но в трагедии, как обычно бывает, виноват также и человеческий фактор. Почему были проигнорированы предупреждения о наличии айсбергов? Почему не снизили скорость при проходе в опасном районе? Правильно ли все сделал вахтенный помощник? И конечно же, не стоит сбрасывать со счетов погодные условия.

В этот день не было луны и морская гладь плохо освещалась. Из-за этого смотрящие могли пропустить айсберг. Также некоторые эксперты считают, что в тот день мог возникнуть ложный горизонт , из-за чего ледяную глыбу было трудно распознать.