Чарльз дарвин сочинение на английском языке с переводом на русский
Обновлено: 02.07.2024
Charles Darwin was born in the city of Shrewsbbury, England and was raised as a fifth child by a wealthy family. (His father was a physician and son of Erasmus Darwin, a poet, philosopher and naturalist. His mother Susannah Wedgewood, died when Charles was eight.) In 1825, Darwin graduated from the elite school at shrewdsbury. He then attended the University of Edinburgh to study medicine. In 1927 he dropped out and entered the University of Cambridge in order to become a clergyman for the Church of England. There he met Adam Sedgwick and John Stevens Henslow. The two figures taught Darwin to become an observer of natural phenomenon and a collector of specimens. After graduating from Cambridge in 1831, he was brought aboard the English survey ship HMS Beagle as an unpaid naturalist on a scientific expedition around the world.
At the time, most geologists believed in the catastrophist theory. In which all creation was wiped out by certain catastrophes e. g. Noah’s flood. Darwin had some proof of this, but found some fossils and species didn’t fit this theory. He found fossils of extinct animals were closely related to live animals of the same geographical area. He also found that every island had it’s own form of tortoise, mocking bird, and finch. Though, each with slight differences.
After returning from his voyage in 1836, Darwin began investigating works of other scientists with similar findings. One in particular was Thomas Robert Malthus. He believed that population was balanced by natural limitations such as famine and war. Darwin took his idea and applied it to plants and animals. Giving him the theories of evolution and natural selection.
Since Darwin was independently wealthy he spent the next twenty years working on his theory without bringing in an income. In 1839, he married his first cousin and moved into a small estate. His wife thereafter gave birth to ten children, three of whom died in infancy. In 1858, The Origin of Species was published. This book presented Darwin’s whole theory. What the book basically said was that there was a "survival to the fittest" among all species. He also provided support that the Earth is not static, but revolving. The book sold out on the first day of publications.
Some scientists believed Darwin’s hypothesis could not be proven. Others argued he couldn’t explain the origin of variations or how they were passed by succeeding generations. Most of these points could not be proven until the early 20th century, at the birth of modern genetics. The biggest portion of people who criticized Darwin were not scientists. They were religious opponents. Darwin’s theories were severe contradictions to the Orthodox theological opinion. Later in his life, Darwin wrote more books expanding his theories.
In the end, Darwin suffered from a panic disorder, and also Chagas’ disease that he picked up during his travels in South America. He was plagued with fatigue and intestinal illness for the rest of his life.. Charles Darwin died on April 19, 1882 and was laid to rest at Westminer Abbey where he still remains.
Darwin’s findings were not overlooked. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1839 and to the French Academy of Sciences in 1878.
Thanks to Charles Darwin, we can understand the process at which species live and die. He laid the foundation of modern science arnd biology. Without him, science would be dramatically faltered.
Charles Darwin altered the thoughts of many people in his generation. Especially those of Americans, who, most of the time disagreed with expansion of our country, were thinking otherwise after reading Darwin’s book. The people’s interest in new ideas was one factor to the rise of expansion. During this time, the U. S. joined the Allies in World War I.
Charles Darwin (1809—1882)
A hundred years ago people believed that plants and animals had always been as they are now. They thought that all the different sorts of living things, including men and women, were put in this world by some mysterious power a few thousand years ago.
It was Charles Darwin, born at Shrewsbury on the 12th of February, 1809, who showed that this was just a legend. As a boy Darwin loved to walk in the countryside, collecting insects, flowers and minerals. He liked to watch his elder brother making chemical experiments. These hobbies interested him imuch more than Greek and Latin, which were his main subjects at school.
His father, a doctor, sent Charles to Edinburgh University to study medicine. But Charles did not like this. He spent a lot of time with a zoologist friend, watching birds and other animals, and collecting insects in the countryside.
Then his father sent him to Cambridge to be trained as a parson. But Darwin didn't want to be a doctor or a parson. He wanted to be a biologist.
In 1831 he set sail in the Beagle for South America to make maps of the coastline there. Darwin went in the ship to see the animals and plants of other lands. On his voyage round the world he looked carefully at thousands of living things in the sea and on land and came to very important conclusions.
This is what he came to believe. Once there were only simple jelly-like creatures living in the sea. Very slowly, taking hundreds millions of years, these have developed to produce all the different kinds of animals and plants we know today. But Darwin waited over twenty years before he let the world know his great ideas. During that time he was carefully collecting more information. It showed how right he was that all living things had developed from simpler creatures.
He wrote a famous book 'The Origin of Species'.
People who knew nothing about living things tried to make fun of Darwin's ideas.
The development of science has shown that Darwin's idea of evolution was correct.
Чарльз Дарвин (1809- 1882)
сто лет тому назад люди полагали, что растения и животные всегда было как сейчас. Они полагали, что все различные виды живых существ, в том числе мужчин и женщин, были поставлены в этом мире, каким-то таинственным питание на несколько тысяч лет назад.
было Чарльза Дарвина, родившийся в Шрусбери 12-го Февраль 1809, который показал, что это был всего лишь легенда.В качестве мальчика Дарвин любил ходить в сельской местности, сбора насекомых, цветов и полезных ископаемых. Он любил смотреть его старший брат химическое экспериментов. Эти увлечения заинтересованных ему imuch более чем греческой и Латинской, которые являются его главными темами в школе.
его отец, врач, отправлено Чарльза в Эдинбургский университет для изучения медицины. Но Чарльз не хотел бы этого.Он потратил много времени на как опередившую друга, смотреть птиц и других животных, а также сбор насекомых в сельской местности.
затем его отец направил его в Кембридж для подготовки в качестве a Парсон. Но Дарвин не хочу быть врачом или Парсон. Он хотел бы быть биолог.
в 1831 году он в плавание в Beagle для Южной Америки, карты побережья.Дарвин в корабль на см. животных и растений других земель. По его рейса во всем мире он тщательно тысяч живых существ в море, и на суше и поставляемой на весьма важные выводы.
это он увидел. После того как были простыми желе существ живых в море. Очень медленно, с сотнями миллионов лет,Они разработаны для производства различных видов животных и растений мы знаем сегодня. Но Дарвин ожидал более двадцати лет, прежде чем он бы его великой идеи. В течение этого времени он внимательно сбор дополнительной информации. Он показал, как право он является то, что всем живым существам, из более простых существ.
он написал письмо на знаменитой книги "Происхождение видов" .
Люди, которые ничего не знали о жизни пытались сделать забавный Дарвина идеи.
развития науки показывает, что Дарвин идею эволюции является правильное.
Charles Robert Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 in Shrewsbury, England. He was the fifth child and second son of Robert Waring Darwin and Susannah Wedgwood. Darwin was the British naturalist who became famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection. Like several scientists before him, Darwin believed all the life on earth evolved (developed gradually) over millions of years from a few common ancestors.
From 1831 to 1836 Darwin served as naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle on a British science expedition around the world. In South America Darwin found fossils of extinct animals that were similar to modern species. On the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean he noticed many variations among plants and animals of the same general type as those in South America. The expedition visited places around the world, and Darwin studied plants and animals everywhere he went, collecting specimens for further study.
Upon his return to London Darwin conducted thorough research of his notes and specimens. Out of this study grew several related theories: one, evolution did occur; two, evolutionary change was gradual, requiring thousands to millions of years; three, the primary mechanism for evolution was a process called natural selection; and four, the millions of species alive today arose from a single original life form through a branching process called "specialization."
Darwin's theory of evolutionary selection holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction of each organism is determined by that organism's ability to adapt to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book called, "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life" (1859) or "The Origin of Species" for short. After publication of Origin of Species, Darwin continued to write on botany, geology, and zoology until his death in 1882. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Darwin's work had a tremendous impact on religious thought. Many people strongly opposed the idea of evolution because it conflicted with their religious convictions. Darwin avoided talking about the theological and sociological aspects of his work, but other writers used his theories to support their own theories about society. Darwin was a reserved, thorough, hard working scholar who concerned himself with the feelings and emotions not only of his family, but friends and peers as well.
It has been supposed that Darwin renounced evolution on his deathbed. Shortly after his death, temperance campaigner and evangelist Lady Elizabeth Hope claimed she visited Darwin at his deathbed, and witnessed the renunciation. Her story was printed in a Boston newspaper and subsequently spread. Lady Hope's story was refuted by Darwin's daughter Henrietta who stated, "I was present at his deathbed . He never recanted any of his scientific views, either then or earlier."
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