Perspectives of development of ict реферат

Обновлено: 02.07.2024

The purpose of studying this discipline - to train students and other categories of students is using of modern computer information technology as a tool which solves scientific and practical problems in their subject area at a high professional level, as well as to participate in the development and implementation of these technologies in the framework of corporate information systems level setting objectives and monitoring of the decision that is so necessary for the modern manager.

As a result the course of discipline students must:

• be aware the technical support of modern information technology, especially its organization and operation, its prospects for development;

• familiar with the mathematical, software, organizational and other kinds of computer software in-information technologies;

• gain an understanding the development of computer information technology in their subject area;

• learn to use modern means of computer technologies in solving problems in their subject area;

• be able to navigate and search information on the INTERNET;

• be able to work with the electronic services and INTERNET network services.

Collection of lectures include learning of such packets as MS Office, SQL and etc. The usage of the methodical instructions allows you to consider the main possibilities of the most popular programs on operation with computer programms.

Lecture №1. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society. Standards in the field of ICT.

Purpose: To prepare students using of modern computer information technology.

Plan:

1.Definition of ICT. Subject ICT and its purposes. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society.

2.Standards in the field of ICT. Communication between ICT and achievement of the objectives of a sustainable development in the Millennium Declaration.

1.Definition of ICT. Subject ICT and its purposes. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society.

Under the information and communication technologies is offered to understand the complex objects, actions, and rules relating to the preparation, processing and delivery of information at the personal, mass communication and production, as well as all technologies and sectors, providing integrated these processes.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) - a set of methods, workflows and software and hardware tools that are integrated with the aim of collecting, processing, storage, distribution, display and use of information for the benefit of its members

To date, the concept of IT includes microelectronics, development and production of computers and software, connection and telephony, mobile services, providing Internet access, providing information resources of the Internet, as well as a variety of cultural phenomena associated with these areas of activity and rules (both formal and informal) that govern these areas of activity.

ICT Tools

By means of modern information and communication technologies to understand the software, firmware and hardware, as well as devices that operate on the basis of a microprocessor, computer technology, as well as modern facilities and broadcast of information systems, information exchange, ensuring operation for the collection, the production, accumulation, storage, processing, communication and access to information resources of computer networks (including global).

By means of modern information and communication technologies include computers, PC, terminal equipment kits for computers of all classes, local area networks, the input-output device information input means and manipulation of text and graphic information, means of archiving large volumes of information, and other peripheral equipment modern COMPUTER; means for converting data from the graphics or audio data to digital representation and vice versa; tools and devices to manipulate audiovisual information (on the basis of technology and Multimedia "Virtual Reality"); artificial intelligence system; computer graphics system, programming systems (programming languages, compilers, compilers, operating systems, software packages, etc..), modern means of communication, providing information user interaction both at the local level (for example, within a single organization or multiple organizations) and global (as part of the global information environment).

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Lecture № 1

Key ICT development directions.ICT Standartization.Definition of ICT.

Subject of ICT and its objectives.

The objective of the lesson: To introduce role of ICT in key sectors of development of society

a) educational: To provide students with main terms as I nformation and communication technologies, ICT development , appropriate technology, innovative technologies.

b) developmental: to master professional and personal competencies of students that willenable the use of modern information technologies in various areas of professional activity, scientific and practical work, self-education and for other purposes.

c) pedagogical: to help to expand the outlook of students, improve their general culture and education.

At the end of the lesson students will

know: The basics of distance learning and ICT development prospects

be able to: Apply the methods and means of information protection

Introduction

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extended term forinformation technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Information and communications technologies (ICT) are a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.

Information Communications and Technology (ICT) is a term that refers to all the hardware and software that people use to send and receive information. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace, computers, phones and tablets make up the term ICT. Over the past few years, the ICT sector has grown substantially with a lot of new companies releasing new gadgets to improve how we communicate

Information and communication technologies for development ( ICT4D ) refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development, and human rights. The theory behind this is, more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society.

Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty, agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. This makes ICT4D appropriate technology, and if it is shared openly, open source appropriate technology. Richard Heeks suggests that the I in ICT4D is related with "library and information sciences", the C is associated with "communication studies", the T is linked with "information systems", and the D for "development studies". It is aimed at bridging the digital divide and assisting economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies, and it is a powerful tool for economic and social development. Other terms can also be used for "ICT4D" or "ICT4Dev" ("ICT for development") such as ICTD ("ICT and development", which is used in a broader sense) and development informatics.

ICT4D can refer to assisting disadvantaged populations anywhere in the world, but it is usually associated with applications in developing countries. It is concerned with directly applying information technology approaches to poverty reduction. ICTs can be applied directly, benefiting the disadvantaged population, or indirectly, by assisting aid organizations, non-governmental organizations, governments, and/or businesses, to improve socio-economic conditions. The field is an interdisciplinary research area, quickly growing through a number of conferences, workshops and publications, but there is a need for scientifically validated benchmarks and results, to measure the effectiveness of current projects. This field has also produced an informal community of technical and social science researchers who rose out of the annual ICT4D conferences.

One of the main objectives of the ICT sector is the creation of a digital transport medium to support the processes of information, modern telecommunications infrastructure and its integration with the infrastructure of other states. Therefore, the development of transit potential in the sphere of information technologies, the integration of national economies into the global environment and act as an important task and a priority infrastructure identified in the strategy.

In order to develop promising technology areas to move to the next phase of industrialization, the task of further development of the Park of innovative technologies as one of the leading countries of innovation clusters.

World experience of ICT development

Beginning in the 1980s, during the rise of the level of use of personal computers, as well as a consequence of increased demand for software products and completing formation of the different approaches of state policy towards the development of the ICT sector. Next, the transition to digital telecommunications in the 1990s and the subsequent formation of the Internet, the impetus to promote the further development of ICT in the world.

A lot of approaches to ICT development conventionally divided into two directions: the first - the development of ICT production and services (computers, software, devices, telecommunications and others.), In order to increase output and to strengthen ICT industry - "ICT as a manufacturing sector "; the second - the introduction of ICTs in different sectors of the economy, to maximize the information society and economy - "ICT as a tool of information society." Within these two areas can be classified in the following levels of strategic approaches: the development of the ICT sector, export-oriented; ICT sector development, oriented to the domestic market; approach global positioning; ICT as a tool for social and economic development . Consider these approaches on country practices.

In modern society ICT is ever-present, with over three billion people having access to the Internet. With approximately 8 out of 10 Internet users owning a smartphone, information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds. This rapid growth, especially in developing countries, has led ICT to become a keystone of everyday life, in which life without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work and routine tasks dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows "that Internet use continues to grow steadily, at 6.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed countries, 8.7% in the developing world); the number of Internet users in developing countries has doubled in five years (2009-2014), with two thirds of all people online now living in the developing world.

Favorably, the gap between the access to the Internet and mobile coverage has decreased substantially in the last fifteen years, in which "2015 is the deadline for achievements of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which global leaders agreed upon in the year 2000, and the new data show ICT progress and highlight remaining gaps."[20] ICT continues to take on new form, with nanotechnology set to usher in a new wave of ICT electronics and gadgets. ICT newest editions into the modern electronic world include smart watches, such as the Apple Watch, smart wristbands such as the Nike+ FuelBand, and smart TVs such as Google TV. With desktops soon becoming part of a bygone era, and laptops becoming the preferred method of computing, ICT continues to insinuate and alter itself in the ever-changing globe.

Maximizing Mobile // 2012 Information and Communications for Development. World Bank, Washington D.C., 2012, 244 p.

Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications (6 Volumes). 2008, pages: 4288

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.

Содержимое разработки

WHAT IS ICT?

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

Components of an ICT system

ICT encompasses both the internet-enabled sphere as well as the mobile one powered by wireless networks. It also includes antiquated technologies, such as landline telephones, radio and television broadcast -- all of which are still widely used today alongside cutting-edge ICT pieces such as artificial intelligence and robotics.

ICT is sometimes used synonymously with IT (for information technology); however, ICT is generally used to represent a broader, more comprehensive list of all components related to computer and digital technologies than IT.

The list of ICT components is exhaustive, and it continues to grow. Some components, such as computers and telephones, have existed for decades. Others, such as smartphones, digital TVs and robots, are more recent entries.

ICT commonly means more than its list of components, though. It also encompasses the application of all those various components. It's here that the real potential, power and danger of

ICT can be found.

ICT's societal and economic impact

ICT is leveraged for economic, societal and interpersonal transactions and interactions. ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live. Moreover, ICT continues to revolutionize all parts of the human experience as first computers and now robots do many of the tasks once handled by humans. For example, computers once answered phones and directed calls to the appropriate individuals to respond; now robots not only can answer the calls, but they can often more quickly and efficiently handle callers' requests for services.

ICT's importance to economic development and business growth has been so monumental, in fact, that it's credited with ushering in what many have labeled the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

ICT also underpins broad shifts in society, as individuals masse are moving from personal, face-to-face interactions to ones in the digital space. This new era is frequently termed the Digital Age.

For all its revolutionary aspects, though, ICT capabilities aren't evenly distributed. Simply put, richer countries and richer individuals enjoy more access and thus have a greater ability to seize on the advantages and opportunities powered by ICT. Consider, for example, some findings from the World Bank. In 2016, it stated that more than 75% of people worldwide have access to a cellphone. However, internet access through either mobile or fixed broadband remains prohibitively expensive in many countries due to a lack of ICT infrastructure. Furthermore, the World Bank estimated that out of the global population of 7.4 billion people, more than 4 billion don't have access to the internet. Additionally, it estimated that only 1.1 billion people have access to high-speed internet. In the United States and elsewhere, this discrepancy in access to ICT has created the so-called digital divide.

The World Bank, numerous governmental authorities and non-government organizations (NGOs) advocate policies and programs that aim to bridge the digital divide by providing greater access to ICT among those individuals and populations struggling to afford it.These various institutions assert that those without ICT capabilities are left out of the multiple opportunities and benefits that ICT creates and will therefore fall further behind in socio-economic terms.

The United Nations considers one of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to "significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020."

Economic advantages are found both within the ICT market as well as in the larger areas of business and society as a whole.

Within the ICT market, the advancement of ICT capabilities has made the development and delivery of various technologies cheaper for ICT vendors and their customers while also providing new market opportunities. For instance, telephone companies that once had to build and maintain miles of telephone lines have shifted to more advanced networking materials and can provide telephone, television and internet services; consumers now enjoy more choices in delivery and price points as a result.

-75%

Introduction. Information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of education have become indispensable for many countries. Digital transformation of school has conquered the minds of many educationists in Sub-Saharan Africa which long suffered from low attendance rates and lack of qualified teachers. This is a developing region with unstable educational opportunities and ICT use is believed to be a central form solution for the future effective functioning of learning programmes.

Materials and methods. General scientific theoretical methods and comparative analysis were used to analyze actual statistical data, take insight into existing online learning platforms, expert’s accounts.

Results. Both the general problems of ICT application in education and its functioning in the context of national educational systems in such countries as Uganda and Kenya were analyzed. Unique evidence from this rapidly developing region underscores the need of a balanced and comprehensive approach to the strategies of the digital education reforms at school.

Сonclusions. ICT introduction risks not to be an effective factor in the management of educational process without taking into account behavioral and sociocultural context as well as without thorough development of all levels of educational system. Though the article is addressed to the experts in the field of education and African studies, it will be of considerable interest to all practitioners concerned with the implementation of ICT in teaching practice.

Keywords: information and communication technologies, digital education, education in Sub-Saharan Africa, teaching at school, school education transformation

For Reference: Ulanova, N. S. (2021). Promising plans and practical use of ICT in education: Sub-Saharan Africa perspectives. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania – Perspectives of Science and Education, 50 (2), 487-500. doi: 10.32744/pse.2021.2.34

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