Роботы в промышленности доклад на английском
Обновлено: 30.06.2024
Печатается в соответствии с решением кафедры английского языка и технического перевода ЕИ и ФМИ ГОУ ВПО “АГУ”, протокол № … от … 2010 г.
Данные методические указания служат для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов 1-2 курсов. Первостепенная цель методических указаний - расширение начальных знаний студентов по теме “Робототехника” и совершенствование навыков чтения с последующей устной речью. Настоящие методические указания помогают в накоплении лексического материала в пределах указанной темы. Методические указания состоят из трех разделов по темам:
1.История создания роботов;
2.Роботы в современном мире;
3.Нанороботы.
В каждый раздел входит текст, предназначенный для чтения, задания и тренировочные упражнения. Также даются дополнительные тексты по теме для самостоятельного чтения. Приводятся творческие задания, побуждающие студентов обсуждать прочитанные тексты, высказывать свои суждения и обмениваться мнениями по информации, полученной в ходе работы над текстами.
UNIT I.
HISTORY OF ROBOTS
Text 1.
I. Answer the following questions:
1.To your mind, what is the general purpose of robots?
2.Are there any changes in the situation with robots since ancient times?
3.Do you know any interesting facts about robots?
II. Read and practice the pronunciation of the following words:
| ancient |
| industrial |
| artificial |
| intelligence |
| mechanical |
| handiwork |
III. Read the text in order to know more about history of robots.
Robotics in Antiquity
The history of robots date at least as far back as ancient myths and legends. Digitally controlled Industrial robots and robots making use of Artificial intelligence have been built since the 1960s.
Likely fictional the Iliad illustrates the concept of robotics by stating that the god Hephaestus made talking mechanical handmaidens out of gold. Around 400 BC, Archytas of Tarentum is reputed to have built a mechanical pigeon, possibly powered by steam, capable of flying. Not only representing one of the earliest works in the field of robotics, the wooden pigeon was also an early study of flight. Philosophers (notably Aristotle in 322 BC) have also dreamed of automatons and tools capable of working independently of people as an idea of bringing about equality.
In ancient China, a curious account on automata is found in the Lie Zi text, written in the 3rd century BC. Within it there is a description of a much earlier encounter between King Mu of Zhou (1023-957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an “artificer”. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork.
Early water clocks, or clepsydra, are sometimes grouped in with the beginning of robotics. It was common to attempt to make such clocks automatic (such as a clepsydra by Ctesibius), or to decorate them with complicated astrological designs (popular in the Eastern world). Of particular interest in China, these astrological clocks led to extremely complex works such as Su Song's clock tower in 1088 AD, which featured moving mannequins, among other devices.
What new information about the history of robots have you learned from this text?
IV. Answer the questions:
1. When have been built digitally controlled Industrial robots and robots making use of Artificial intelligence?
2. Who was the author of talking mechanical handmaidens out of gold?
3. Have the philosophers dreamed of automatons and tools capable of working independently of people as an idea of bringing about equality?
4. What is the second name of water clock?
V. Agree or disagree with the statements:
1. The history of robots date at least as far back as modern myths and legends.
2. Around 400 BC, Archytas of Tarentum is reputed to have built a mechanical pigeon, possibly powered by steam, capable of flying.
3. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork.
4. Early water clocks, or clepsydra, are sometimes grouped in with the ending of robotics.
5. Of particular interest in China, these astrological clocks led to extremely complex works such as Su Song's clock tower in 1088 AD, which featured moving mannequins, among other devices.
VI. Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:
с цифровым управлением, искусственный интеллект, механик, фигура с человеческими формами, авторская работа, водяные часы, движущиеся манекены, устройство
VII. Сomplete the following sentences:
1. The history of robots date at least as far back as … … … ….
2. Likely fictional the Iliad illustrates the concept of robotics … … ….
3. The latter proudly presented the king with a life-size … … ….
4. It was common to attempt to make such clocks automatic … … ….
5. In ancient China, a curious account on automata … … ….
6. … … … encounter between King Mu of Zhou (1023-957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an “artificer”.
Manufacturing is one of the most important application area for automation technology. There are several types of automation in manufacturing. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.
Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer program.
Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost production time, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.
Exercise 1. General understanding:
What is the most important application of automation?
What are the types of automation used in manufacturing?
What is fixed automation?
What are the limitations of hard automation?
What is the best example of programmable automation?
What are the limitations of programmable automation?
What are the advantages of flexible automation?
Is it possible to produce different products one after another using automation technology?
Exercise 2. Find equivalents in English in the text:
фиксированная последовательность операций
автоматические сборочные машины
определенные химические процессы
станок с числовым программным управлением
потерянное производственное время
Exercise 3. Explain in English what does the following mean:
- Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
- Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
Robots in our life Presentation by students of 9-10 forms
The aim: to find some information about meanings of Robots in our life The goals: to learn information about types of robots to learn the problems of using Robots in different areas of life to explore the latest achievements of scientists in Robotics to conduct a survey about the role of robots in our lives Methods: analysis, synthesis, collecting information Introduction
People always try to invent something new that can simplify our life or daily routine or solve some technological or medical problems, for example. Every invention is the important step of the progress. Many years ago robots were something fantastic and unreal. The idea of using robots as helpers in houses or as alternates of a human being was the main idea of science fiction. Nowadays it is quite real. Introduction
Are Robots so necessary? People living in modern times have benefited from many discoveries and inventions that have enriched the world. Dedicated scientists spend years and even a lifetime searching for new scientific knowledge and discovering new ways to improve our lives. The most recent significant discoverings to benefit humankind in modern times are in the fields of robotics and computer technology. That’s why robots are necessary. Robots play a large role for humans. They are able to work without stopping and their physical data is much larger than that of a human. Robots can work stably regardless of the day of the week or the time of day. All that makes them more effective than people
MEDICINE: Health care is one of the most progressive areas in which the work of robots is used. Currently, robotic surgery is actively developing. In medicine, a great breakthrough has been achieved since the bionic prostheses began to be used, which a person can control with the help of his own nervous system. Where could they be used for?
Where could they be used for? SPACE: Space robots are actively used by man in the development of the universe-mechanisms collect soil samples and explore new spaces in conditions of high radiation and extreme temperatures.
SECURITY SYSTEM: There are military bases that use robots that simulate the actions of the enemy. Such training mechanisms can reproduce human habits. In addition, there are intelligence and combat models. Where could they be used for?
Who has benefits from using them? We can use robots as helpers in our houses. Of course, not everyone can afford them. For example, they may be quite expensive. Another reason is that some models of robots may be not mass-consumption products. However, vacuum-cleaning robots are widely used nowadays. They are not the part of science fiction but the real assistants of modern people who are very busy.
Who has benefits from using them?
What do they look like?
People of the XXI century witnessed an era when a robot can take on any appearance - from a cockroach to a frighteningly realistic android. The abilities of modern mechanisms simultaneously lead to a state of delight and tremulous horror: the most unusual robots in the world are able to operate, to hold philosophical conversations, to penetrate inside the human body.
Robots can look like a small insect and penetrate hard-to-reach places. May be similar to any animal, such as a dog or cat. Robots can look like human and very realistic. There is a huge variety of robots. People every day more and more realize this sphere. What do they look like?
The BINA48 was created and programmed by David Henson from Terasem Movement. It is modeled after the likeness of the co-founder’s wife Bina Rothblatt. This intelligent humanoid robot, created in 2010 is a copy of Bina Rotblatt. The memories views and feelings of a woman are loaded into the brain of the mechanism. The real Bina taught the smart car to speak and move in her style and also to imitate mimicry.Android knows how to keep up a conversation and joke. Robot vocabulary and knowledge are updated with each new conversation What do they look like?
SOFIA Sofia was activated on April 19, 2015. She modeled on the actress Audrey Hepburn. Sophia has an artificial intelligence, equipped with visual processing functions and face recognition technology. Sophia can imitate human gestures and facial expressions and can also answer certain questions and conduct simple conversations on pre-determined topics. In total, Sofia can imitate 60 emotions What do they look like?
DisAdvantages Robots have some drawbacks: They are not very independent. Also, they can easily break. Modern robots are hard to assemble and they are very expensive. They need constant power supplies. They need human control. “ ”
How do they work?
The robot has software-controlled cameras and sensors that allow it to work in different conditions. The wheels of the robot are activated using different types of drives. A robot needs a power source to control these drives. Most robots are either equipped with a battery or work from a power outlet. To move the robot, the computer activates all the necessary motors and valves. Most robots can be reprogrammed to change behavior. Not all robots have a sensor system, and only a few have the ability to see, hear, smell or tast How do they work?
-Do you like Robots? -Do you want to have a Robot? -Are robots our servants or friends? Questioning
The idea of robots is quite interesting. The application of them can do good in different fields in the modern life. In conclusion…
Robots are machines of special type. They are considered to replace man wherever he is to do hard, monotonous or hazardous work. Robots are sophisticated machines. Many of them are fitted with artificial intellect systems, special programming devices and electronic controllers. Their development required the work of specialists in several technical fields, together with specialists in biophysics and physiology.
2. The idea of robot technology was born in the forties, when the foundations of atomic power engineering - the basis of technological progress - were laid. The materials scientists must deal with are radioactive. Besides, the equipment used in obtaining and studying them in dangerous for man. At the same time work with radioactive substances, assembly and disassembly of atomic reactors, the servicing of machines and devices in radioactive zones require human effort. Remote-controlled equipment helps to solve this problem.
4. Our research and design organizations create robots for assembly operations, robots being used today for assembling various electronic circuit. Mention should be made that robots are in wide use for performing welding and painting.
Последующие исследования выявили важные аспекты, связанные с транзисторами электрической схемы. Японский исследователь, Lew Esaki, обнаружил образец кристалла полупроводникового класса, который даже более удивителен, чем транзистор. Туннельный диод, как его называют, работает на незначительной количестве электрического тока, его диаметр составляет несколько тысячных дюйма. С таким транзистором человек сможет выявлять телефоны, носимые на запястье, в кармане.
Роботы - машины особого типа. Считается, что они заменят человека везде, где он должен делать трудную, монотонную или опасную работу. Роботы - сложные машины. Многим из них прививаются системы искусственного интеллекта, специальные устройства программирования и электронные контроллеры. Их развитие заставило специалистов работать в различных
технических областях, вместе со специалистами в биофизики и физиологии.
2. Идея робото-технологии родилась в сороковых, когда были положены основы изучения атомной энергетики. Ученые должны иметь дело с радиоактивными веществами. Кроме того, оборудование используется в условиях, опасных для человека.
В то же самое время работа с радиоактивными веществами атомных реакторов, обслуживание машин и устройств в радиоактивных зонах требует больших усилий. Дистанционно управляемое оборудование поможет решить эту проблему.
4. Наши исследовательские и расчетные организации создают роботов для сборочных операций, роботы будучи используемыми сегодня для трансляции различных электронных цепей. Следует приложить усилия, чтобы использовать роботов для выполнения сваривания и окрашивания на производстве.
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