Доклад про радиотехнику на английском
Обновлено: 02.07.2024
Nowadays we have television and the Internet, so the radio has become less popular. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of radio stations of different purpose and many people prefer to listen to the news or just to music while they are going or driving to work.
However, few people know about how the radio was invented. Even the greatest scientists still argue about the fact who was the first to invent it because all of these people had made an important contribution to the creation of the radio.
There are three main contenders for the title of the inventor of the radio. They are Popov, Marconi, and Tesla. These people were not connected to each other but against all the odds were working on the same invention at the same time in different countries.
Popov was mostly interested in the practical part and did not have an idea of spreading information around the world. He presented his radio in 1895, however, he did not document it. Italian scientist acted more correctly and decided to get a patent . Despite the fact it was given to him only in 1897, many historians consider Marconi to be the inventor of the radio.
Things have changed drastically since those times and now the radio is just a way to relax, entertain and get new information, but only last century it transmitted news about war and was on all days in many homes all over the world.
Перевод
Однако мало людей знает, как был изобретен радиоприемник. Даже величайшие ученые все еще спорят о том, кто же первым изобрел радио, так как все люди, поучаствовавшие в его создании, внесли важный вклад в это изобретение.
Есть три основных претендента на звания изобретателя радиоприемника: Попов, Маркони и Тесла. Эти люди, никак не связанные между собой, каким-то чудом работали над одним и тем же изобретением в одно и то же время, но в разных странах.
Попов больше был заинтересован в практической части работы и не имел желания распространить идею по всему миру. Он представил свою работу в 1895 году, однако никак не задокументировал ее. Итальянский ученый, Маркони, действовал более грамотно и решил получить патент. Несмотря на то, что он получил его лишь в 1897, многие историки поэтому и считают изобретателем радио именно его.
№ слайда 1
The radio invention
№ слайда 2
What is radio?Radio is the transmission of signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. This can be detected and transformed into sound or other signals that carry information.
№ слайда 3
Who has invented radio? In 1895 Alexander Stepanovich Popov built his first radio receiver, which contained a coherer. Further refined as a lightning detector, it was presented to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895. A depiction of Popov's lightning detector was printed in the Journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society the same year. Popov's receiver was created on the improved basis of Lodge's receiver, and originally intended for reproduction of its experiments.
№ слайда 4
Who is Popov? Alexander Stepanovich Popov (1859-1906) was a Russian physicist who first demonstrated the practical application of electromagnetic (radio) waves, although he did not apply for a patent for his invention. Born in the village Turinskiye Rudniki (now Krasnoturinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast) in the Ural mountains as the son of a priest, he became interested in natural sciences early in his youth. His father ensured that Alexander received a good education at the seminary at Perm, and later studying physics at the St. Petersburg university. After graduation in 1882 he started to work as a laboratory assistant at the university. However, due to the bad funding of the university he changed to a teaching job at the Russian Navy's Torpedo School in Kronstadt on Kotlin Island. Beginning in the early 1890s he conducted experiments along the lines of Heinrich Hertz's research. In 1894 he built his first radio receiver, which contained a coherer. Further refined as a lightning detector, it was presented to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895—the day has been celebrated in the Russian Federation as "Radio Day“.
№ слайда 5
Radio day. Radio Day is a commemoration of the development of radio in Russia. It takes place on May 7, the day in 1895 on which Alexander Popov successfully demonstrated his invention. Radio Day was first observed in the Soviet Union in 1945,on the 50th anniversary of Popov's experiment, and some four decades after his death. Radio Day is officially marked in Russia and Bulgaria.
№ слайда 6
Radio nowadays. Today radio is popular mass media. There are many radio stations worldwide. Any of them can be caught practically everywhere. Despite the fact that where you are. The problem of Popova has been executed. He has created the device which can function without wires.
One of the most wonderful discoveries made by human beings is radio. It is the wireless transmission of signals or sounds through the space. This invention was the discovery of the century, though people think it is getting outdated now because of the internet.
One major and indisputable advantage of the radio is a low price. It is cheaper to buy a radio-receiver than PC or TV-set. Besides, radio is a source of the weaker radiation, than other media devices. For an instance, the average power of radiation of TV-set is 40-50 mR/h, but a receiver radiation is just 15 mR/h.
In addition to these advantages, the advertising on the air is not widespread so much as opposed to the television or the Internet. Moreover, radio is a kind of the link that might be provided almost everywhere. Usually it is used when a TV signal has no possibility to pass. Radio communication is often used during some hostilities or used by people who work underground.
In spite of the fact that radio communication is simple and cheap, it has some obvious disadvantages. For example, the information couldn’t be supported by the picture. Pictures help us to percept information more intensive and sometimes this data might be useless without any images.
Furthermore, people who have some problems with audio perception couldn’t get information wireless. There is a lack of the demand for radio receivers. We use them to listen to the music on the way. It is not popular anymore, because receiving set is replaced by the Internet nowadays. The equipment has lost its popularity, because almost all of us have laptops or smart phones with access to the Internet connection.
Anyway, it is something worth using. Many legendary scientists have worked on the radio creation, including Russian physicist A. Popov. It is still one of the most powerful parts of mass media systems.
Одним из самых замечательных открытий, совершенных человеком, является радио. Это беспроводная передача сигналов или звуков сквозь пространство. Это изобретение считалось открытием века, хотя люди думают, что на сегодняшний день радио устарело из-за появления интернета.
Одним из главных и неоспоримых достоинств радио является его низкая стоимость. Покупка радио обойдется дешевле, чем приобретение компьютера или телевизора. Кроме того, радио излучает меньшее количество радиации, чем другие технические устройства, занимающиеся распространением информации. Например, мощность излучения телевизора в среднем составляет 40-50 мР / ч, а радиоприемника ¬− всего 15 мР / ч.
Ко всем вышеперечисленным преимуществам можно отнести еще и то, что в радио эфире реклама не так распространена, как на телевидении или в интернете. Более того, радио, как способ связи, может использоваться практически в любом месте. Радиосвязь часто используется военными во время некоторых операций или людьми, которые работают под землей.
Несмотря на то, что радиосвязь является дешевой и простой в использовании, радио имеет несколько очевидных недостатков. Например, во время радио эфира нет возможности сопровождать информацию какими-либо изображениями. Фотографии помогают нам лучше воспринимать информацию, и иногда информация без каких-либо изображений может быть абсолютно бесполезной.
Кроме того, люди, которые имеют проблемы с восприятием информации на слух, не смогут получать ее по радио. На сегодняшний день спрос на радиоприемники отсутствует. Мы используем их, чтобы слушать музыку в дороге. Они больше не популярны, так как их заменил интернет. Радиоприемник потелял свою популярность, потому что почти у каждого из нас есть ноутбук или смартфон с доступом к интернету.
В любом случае, радио – стоящая вещь. Многие легендарные ученые работали над его созданием, в том числе русский физик А. Попов. Сегодня радио остается по-прежнему одним из самых мощных систем средств массовой информации.
Упражнение 1 . Скажите или напишите следующие предложения: а) впрошедшем времени; б) в будущем времени.
The students are at the Institute. 2. She is a
Mathematics is difficult for me. 4. I am 18 years
old. 5. Physics is the
most interesting subject for me. 6. He is the best student of our group. 7. Our laboratories are large. 8. He has many interesting books. 9. I have many friends. 10. There are 20 students in our group. 11. These students have four examinations. 12. We have four lessons every day. 13. There is a radio-set in her room. 14. There are 6 faculties at our Institute. 15. There is an English newspaper on his table. 16. There is a radio-club in our town.
Упражнение 2. Измените данные предложения в соответствии с указанным лицом.
1. We study at the Polytechnical Institute. He . . .
2. They know this famous scientist. She . . .
3. These students go to the Institute in the morning. This student . . .
4. He studies at the radio-engineering faculty. You . . .
5. They do their homework in the evening. She . . .
6. We get new books from the library every week. You . . .
7. They solve important problems. He . . .
8. They don’t work at this research institute. He . . .
9. We don't take part in this discussion. She . . .
10. He doesn't work at this problem. They . . .
11. She doesn’t make mistakes in mathematics. We . . .
12. I don't study at London University. They . . .
13. We do not study in summer. He . . .
Radio is one of the greatest achievements of modern engineering. Radio employs electrical energy to transmit signals. The most developed application of radio is in communication and broadcasting. Radio communication is the transfer of high-frequency energy from the transmitter to the receiver. The necessary components of radio communication are a transmitter and a receiver. The main parts of a transmitter are a high-frequency oscillator, a ground and an antenna. When electric oscillations are produced in the antenna, it starts radiating radio waves. These waves travel in all directions. When radio waves reach the antenna of a receiver, they set up currents in it of a similar form to those in the transmitting antenna. These currents are directed from the antenna to a radio-receiver where they are first amplified and then converted into audiofrequency signals.
техника; инженерное искусство
Упражнение 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What is the most developed application of radio? 2. What is radio-communication? 3. What does radio employ to transmit signals? 4. What are the necessary components of radio-communication? 5. Under what condition does the transmitting antenna radiate radio waves? 6. In what direction do these waves travel? 7. What happens when radio waves reach the antenna of a receiver?
Упражнение 4. Образуйте при помощи суффиксов -er или -or существительные от следующих глаголов:
to transmit, to receive, to radiate, to amplify, to convert, to oscillate, to produce, to travel, to direct.
Упражнение 5. Найдите русские эквиваленты для английских слов и словосочетаний.
radio transmitting and
radio receiving devices
to employ electromagnetic waves
Упражнение 6. Сгруппируйте попарно слова с противоположными значениями.
Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав одно из трех слов, подходящих по смыслу. Переведите предложения.
1. Radio occupies one of the leading places among the greatest achievements of modern . . . a) currents; b) receiver; c) engineering. 2. The energy is radiated into space from the . . . by the antenna. a) receiver; b) transmitter; c) amplifier. 3. To . . . means to make bigger or enlarge. a) amplify; b) transmit; c) radiate. 4. A transmitting antenna . . . radio
waves. a) receives; b) reaches; c) radiates. 5. Our scientists
in the field of radio and television. a) achievements;
oscillations. 6. Radio finds a wide . . . in many spheres of our life.
achievement; c) transmission. 7. Any radio receiver has
. . . a) transmitters; b) components; c) oscillators.
8. Broadcast stations often use two or more . . . a) currents; b) antennas; c) electrons.
Упражнение 8. Употребите указанные в скобках глаголы в соответствующей форме.
Future radio-engineers (to study) at the radio-engineering faculty.
Electronics (to be) a young science. 3. Electronic devices (to play) a
great role in radio equipment. 4. A receiving station (to receive) radio waves. 5. Transmitting stations (to radiate) radio waves. 6. A transmitting station (to have) a radio transmitter and an antenna. 7. A radio transmitter (to be) a device for radiating electromagnetic waves. 8. The main parts of a transmitter (to be) а high-frequency oscillator, a ground and an antenna.
Упражнение 9. Поставьте общий вопрос и специальные вопросы к выделенным членам предложения.
1. He studies at the radio-engineering faculty . 2. He is a first-year student. 3. He goes to a radio-club once a week . 4. There is a radio-set in the room. 5. Radio employs electrical energy to transmit radio signals. 6. We use an amplifier when we want to make signals bigger . 7. A transmitter sends out radio signals at a high frequency. 8. The necessary components of radio communication are a transmitter and a receiver.
Упражнение 10. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Радио является одним из величайших достижений современной техники. 2. В мире существует много передающих и приемных радиостанций. 3. Передающая станция имеет передатчик и антенну. 4. Радиопередатчик – это устройство для излучения электромагнитных волн. 5. Высокочастотный генератор, заземление и антенна являются основными компонентами передатчика. 6. Этот знаменитый ученый работает в области радиотехники. 7. Существует много радиопередающих и радиоприемных устройств. 8. Они находят широкое применение во многих сферах.
Задание 1. Прочтите следующие слова. Обратите внимание на их значения. Знание этих слов поможет Вам понять содержание текста.
Задание 2. Прочтите текст, стараясь понять основное
Radio Waves and Radio Communication
Radio communication plays a great role in our life. Russia has a radio communication which connects our country with the capitals of many countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Radio communication connects different cities and towns of our country. What is radio communication? It is the transmission of information over great distances with the help of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. There are radio-waves. Radio waves travel in all directions at a velocity of 300,000 kilometers per second (km/sec). They can go from here to the Moon and back in 3 seconds. There are many kinds of radio waves. Some of them vibrate 700,000 times per second, others vibrate a million times per second. The number of vibrations per second is the frequency of a radio wave. Other important properties of a radio wave are intensity, direction of travel and plane of polarization.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What role does radio communication play in our life? 2. What is radio communication? 3. At what velocity do radio waves travel in all directions? 4. Are there many kinds of radio waves? 5. What are the important properties of a radio wave?
Задание 4. Передайте содержание текста, используя следующие слова и группы слов:
radio communication, to play a role, to connect, transmission of information, radio waves, to travel in all directions, at a velocity, the frequency of a radio wave, properties of a radio wave.
Past Indefinite Tense
Упражнение 1. Дайте три формы следующих глаголов:
to develop, to invent, to discover, to convert, to make, to lead, to think, to come, to give, to know, to find, to have, to be, to go.
Упражнение 2. Употребите Past Indefinite вместо Present Indefinite
и переведите предложения.
1. Russian scientists develop and improve the theory of radiotransmitting and radio-receiving devices. 2. Radio broadcasting is a part of our life. 3. A wide application of radio devices leads to the further development of science. 4. "Radio" comes from the well-known Latin word "radius". 5. They have many books on electricity and magnetism. 6. This scientist gives much time to experiments in physics. 7. He doesn’t take part in this research.
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