Сообщение о лауреате нобелевской премии на английском
Обновлено: 05.07.2024
He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosions in his father's laboratory. He had never studied at school or at university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty he had become a skillful chemist and an excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. He built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries.
But Nobel's main concern was never making money on scientific discoveries. In his youth he had taken a serious interest in literature and psychology. He was always generous to the poor. His greatest wish was to see the end of wars and thus peace between nations. He left money to provide prizes for outstanding scientists studying Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace.
Перевод:
Альфред Нобель – великий шведский изобретатель и промышленник. Он заработал целое состояние, но жил скромно, он был веселым в компании людей, но грустным в одиночестве. Несмотря на то, что он был полон любви, у него никогда не было своей семьи или жены, которая бы его любила. Будучи ярым патриотом своей страны, он умер в чужих краях. Он изобрел динамит, чтобы улучшить мирные индустрии разработки и строительства дорог, но ему довелось увидеть, как это использовалось в качестве военного оружия для убийства и ранения людей. В своей жизни он часто чувствовал себя бесполезным. Несмотря на то, что он был всемирно известен, мало что было известно о его жизни, так как он избегал публичности. Однако после его смерти его имя стало приносить славу и известность другим людям.
Он родился в Стокгольме 21 октября 1833 году, но в 1842 году переехал с родителями в Россию, где его отцу удалось занять важный пост в инженерной индустрии. Большая часть семьи вернулась в Швецию в 1859 году, а Альфред присоединился к ним в 1863 году, и начал свое собственное исследование взрывов в лаборатории отца. Он никогда не учился в школе или университете, но занимался сам, и к тому времени, когда ему исполнилось 20, он уже был опытным химиком и отличным лингвистом, говорящим на шведском, русском, немецком, французском и английском языках. Он возвел более 80 компаний в 20 различных странах.
Однако в планы Нобеля никогда не входило заработать денег за счет научных открытий. В молодости он серьезно интересовался литературой и психологией. Он всегда был щедр по отношению к бедным. Его заветной мечтой было увидеть конец войн и мир между нациями. Он оставил состояние для выдачи призов выдающимся ученым в области физики, химии, физиологии, медицины, литературы и мира на земле.
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William Cuthbert Faulkner born in 1897 was a Nobel Prize-winning novelist from Mississippi. Though his works are sometimes considered challenging, he is regarded as one of America's most influential fiction writers. Faulkner was known for using long, serpentine sentences, in contrast to the minimalist style of Ernest Hemingway. Some consider Faulkner to be the only true American modernist prose fiction writer of 1930s, following in the experimental tradition of European writers such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust. His work is known for literary devices like stream of consciousness, multiple narrations or points of view, and narrative time shifts.
Faulkner was born in New Albany. His great-grandfather, William Clark Faulkner, was an important figure in the history of northern Mississippi who served as a colonel in the Confederate Army, founded a railroad, and gave his name to the town of Faulkner. Perhaps most importantly, he wrote several novels and other works, establishing a literary tradition in the family. Eventually, Colonel Faulkner became the model for Colonel John Sartoris in his great-grandson's writing. It is understandable that the younger Faulkner was influenced by the history of his family and the region in which they lived. Mississippi marked his sense of humor, his sense of the tragic position of blacks and whites, his keen characterization of usual Southern characters and his timeless themes, one of them being that fiercely intelligent people dwelled behind the facades of good old boys and simpletons.
Faulkner's most celebrated novels include The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), and Absalom, Absaloml (1936). Faulkner was a prolific writer of short stories: his first short story collection. These 13 was published in 1932. He received a Pulitzer Prize for A Fable, and won National Book Awards for his Collected Stories (1951) тй A Fable (1955).
Faulkner was also a writer of mysteries, publishing a collection of crime fiction, Knight's Gambit, Light in August, and The Town. He set many of his short stories and novels in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County. Yoknapatawpha was his very own 'postage stamp9 and it is considered to be one of the most monumental fictional creations in the history of literature.
In the later years, Faulkner moved to Hollywood to be a screenwriter (producing scripts for Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep and Ernest Hemingway's To Have and Have Not). Faulkner donated his Nobel winnings 'to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers,' eventually resulting in the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction. Faulkner served as Writer-in-Residence at the University of Virginia from 1957 until his death in 1962 of a heart attack.
1. Faulkner, a Nobel Prize-winning novelist is regarded as one of the American most influential science fiction writers, famous for works which are sometimes considered challenging.
2. He is one of the most important American modernist prose fiction writers of the 1930s, who followed in the experimental tradition of European writers and is known for using literary devices like stream of consciousness, multiple narrations and narrative time shifts.
3. He is also famous for his keen characterization of usual Southern characters and his timeless themes.
4. He received a Pulitzer Prize and won National Book Awards, and was also known as a writer of mysteries, many of which were set in his fictional Yoknapatawpha County which was his own 'postage stamp'.
5. Later he became a screenwriter and produced many scripts.
6. He donated his Nobel winnings to establish a fund to support and encourage new fiction writers.
7. Faulkner served as Writer-in-Residence at the university of Virginia.
8. He was famous as a prolific writer of short stories, who published a number of short story collections.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part two . Additional topics.
Ivan Pavlov - one of the most respected scientists of Russia, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.
Иван Петрович Павлов — один из авторитетнейших учёных России, лауреат Нобелевской премии в области медицины и физиологии 1904 года.
Ivan was born on 14 (26), 1849 in Ryazan.
Father Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823-1899), mother - Varvara Ivanovna (1826-1890).
Иван Петрович родился 14 (26) сентября 1849 года в городе Рязани. Отец Пётр Дмитриевич Павлов (1823—1899), мать — Варвара Ивановна (1826—-1890).
After graduating in 1864 Ryazan religious school, Pavlov entered the Ryazan Theological Seminary. The final year of seminary, he read a little book "Reflexes of the Brain" Sechenov, who turned his entire life.
He entered the Natural Sciences Department of Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University in 1870. As a follower of Sechenov, many engaged in the nervous regulation
В 1870 поступил на естественное отделение физико-математического факультета Петербургского университета., как последователь Сеченова, много занимался нервной регуляцией.
- Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
- Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
Russian Nobel prize winners
physics
peace
chemistry
medicine
economics
literature
2003
2000
1978
1964
1962
1958
1908
1904
1990
1975
1987
1970
1965
1958
1933
about Nobel Prize
Any of the prizes awarded annually by four institutions (three Swedish and one Norwegian) from a fund established under the will of Alfred P. Nobel. The will specified that awards should be given "to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind." Since 1901, prizes have been awarded for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace; since 1969, a sixth prize, established by the Bank of Sweden, has been awarded in economic sciences. They are regarded as the most prestigious prizes in the world.
What is Nobel Prize ?
The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975
"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
Tjalling C. Koopmans
1/2 of the prize
1/2 of the prize
USSR
USA
Academy of Sciences
Moscow, USSR
Yale University
New Haven, CT, USA
b. 1912
d. 1986
b. 1910
(in 's Graveland, the Netherlands)
d. 1985
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1933
"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
stateless domicile in France
b. 1870
(in Voronezh, Russia)
d. 1953
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1958
"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
USSR
b. 1890
d. 1960
(Accepted first, later caused by the authorities of his country to decline the prize.)
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1965
"for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"
Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
USSR
b. 1905
d. 1984
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1970
"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"
Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
USSR
b. 1918
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Russia
Military Medical Academy
St. Petersburg, Russia
b. 1849
d. 1936
The Nobel Peace Prize 1975
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
USSR
Soviet nuclear physicist
b. 1921
d. 1989
The Nobel Peace Prize 1990
"for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
USSR
President of USSR
b. 1931
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1962
"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"
Lev Davidovich Landau
USSR
Academy of Sciences
Moscow, USSR
b. 1908
d. 1968
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1958
"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank
Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
1/3 of the prize
1/3 of the prize
1/3 of the prize
USSR
USSR
USSR
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, USSR
University of Moscow; P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, USSR
University of Moscow; P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, USSR
b. 1904
d. 1990
b. 1908
d. 1990
b. 1895
d. 1971
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
Arno Allan Penzias
Robert Woodrow Wilson
1/2 of the prize
1/4 of the prize
1/4 of the prize
USSR
USA
USA
Academy of Sciences
Moscow, USSR
Bell Laboratories
Holmdel, NJ, USA
Bell Laboratories
Holmdel, NJ, USA
b. 1894
d. 1984
b. 1933
(in Munich, Germany)
b. 1936
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
Alexei A. Abrikosov
Vitaly L. Ginzburg
Anthony J. Leggett
1/3 of the prize
1/3 of the prize
1/3 of the prize
USA and Russia
Russia
United Kingdom and USA
Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne, IL, USA
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, Russia
University of Illinois
Urbana, IL, USA
b. 1928
b. 1916
b. 1938
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000
"for basic work on information and communication technology"
Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby
1/4 of the prize
1/4 of the prize
1/2 of the prize
Russia
Federal Republic of Germany
USA
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute
St. Petersburg, Russia
University of California
Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Texas Instruments
Dallas, TX, USA
b. 1930
b. 1928
b. 1923
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956
"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
1/2 of the prize
1/2 of the prize
United Kingdom
USSR
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
Moscow, USSR
b. 1897
d. 1967
b. 1896
d. 1986
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
"in recognition of their work on immunity"
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov
Paul Ehrlich
1/2 of the prize
1/2 of the prize
Russia
Germany
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France
Goettingen University
Goettingen, Germany; Königliches Institut für experimentelle Therapie (Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy)
Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Germany
b. 1845
d. 1916
b. 1854
d. 1915
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1964
"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
Charles Hard Townes
Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
1/2 of the prize
1/4 of the prize
1/4 of the prize
USA
USSR
USSR
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Cambridge, MA, USA
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, USSR
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute
Moscow, USSR
b. 1915
b. 1922
d. 2001
b. 1916
d. 2002
The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987
"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Joseph Brodsky
USA
b. 1940
(in Leningrad, then USSR)
d. 1996
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