Сочинение о конституции рф на английском
Обновлено: 28.06.2024
После ознакомления с содержанием Топика ( Сочинения ) по теме " США " Советуем каждому из вас обратить внимание на дополнительные материалы. Большинство из наших топиков содержат дополнительные вопросы по тексту и наиболее интересные слова текста. Отвечая на не сложные вопросы по тексту вы сможете максимально осмыслить содержание Топика ( Сочинения ) и если вам необходимо написать собственное Сочинение по теме " США " у вас возникнет минимум сложностей.
Если у вас возникают вопросы по прочтению отдельных слов вы можете дважды нажать на непонятное слово и в нижнем левом углу в форме перевода есть отдельная кнопка которая позволит вам услышать непосредственно произношение слова . Или также вы можете пройти к разделу Правила Чтения Английского Языка и найти ответ на возникший вопрос.
The Constitution
The American Constitution is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judiciary.
The respective government institutions — the Presidency, Congress, and the Courts — were given limited and specific powers; and a series of checks, whereby each branch of government has certain authority over the others to make sure these powers were not abused.
Government power was limited by means of a dual system of government, in which the federal government was only given the powers and responsibilities to deal with problems facing the nation as a whole (foreign affairs, trade, control of the army and navy, etc).
The remaining responsibilities and duties of government were reserved to the individual state governments.
Article V allowed for amendments to be made to the Constitution (once passed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress and then ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states).
The Constitution ratified by all thirteen states in 1791 already contained ten amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights (the freedoms of religion, speech, and the press, etc), to protect the citizens against possible tyranny by the federal government.
So far only twenty-six amendments have been made to the Constitution.
Конституция
Американская Конституция основана на доктрине разделения полномочий между исполнительной, законодательной и судебной ветвями.
Соответствующим правительственным институтом — президентству, Конгрессу, и судам — даны ограниченные и определенные полномочия; и ряд чеков и балансов, посредством чего у каждой ветви есть определенная власть над другими, также были включены, чтобы обеспечить то, чтобы этими полномочиями не злоупотребляли.
Правительственная власть была далее ограничена посредством двойной системы правления, при которой федеральному правительству дали только полномочия и обязанности иметь дело с проблемами, стоящими перед нацией в целом (иностранные дела, торговля, контроль над армией и флотом и т. д.).
Оставшиеся обязанности и полномочия правительства были оставлены правительствам отдельных штатов.
Статья V позволила делать поправки к Конституции (как только они пройдут большинством двух третей в обеих палатах конгресса и затем будут ратифицированы законодательными органами трех четвертей штатов).
Конституция, наконец ратифицированная всеми тринадцатью государствами в 1791 г., уже содержала десять поправок, вместе известных как Билль о правах (свобода религии, слова и прессы и т. д.), чтобы защитить гражданина от возможной тирании федерального правительства.
Пока только двадцать шесть поправок были внесены в Конституцию.
Цель урока: формирование целостной системы знаний по английскому языку по теме “Конституция Российской Федерации”.
- Обобщить и систематизировать знания Конституции Российской Федерации.
- Воспитывать патриотизм и уважительное отношение к законам Российской Федерации. Расширять общий кругозор обучающихся.
- Формировать умение отвечать на вопросы по теме, выделять требуемую информацию в тексте (прочитанном, услышанном).
- Развивать навыки чтения.
- Развивать фонетические и лексические навыки.
Тип урока: Обобщение с элементами контроля.
Метод преподавания: интегрированный урок.
Оснащение урока: мультимедийное оборудование, Компьютер с DVD, презентация, раздаточный материал (тексты для чтения и таблица для заполнения), Конституция Российской Федерации, материалы учебника “Enjoy English” для 9 класса авторов М.З. Биболетовой и др., Unit 3, Section “Be tolerant and you will prevent conflicts”.
Формы учебной деятельности: опрос, анализ и сравнение, заполнение таблицы, монолог.
Ход урока
I. Организационный момент.
- Good morning, boys and girls!
- Good morning, teacher!
- Sit down, please! Who is on duty today? Who is absent today?
- What is the date today?
- What day is it today?
- What is the weather like today?
- Do you like it? Why?
1. Фонетическая зарядка:
-
constitution declaration revolution protection education formation information discrimination prohibition prevention
Прослушать, прочитать и выучить стихотворение наизусть. Listen, repeat and recite this poem:
This year, 2013, we celebrate
The 20 th Constitution Day
For us, united by a common fate,
This holiday is very great,
Because it gives us freedom
And all of human rights.
II. Основная часть.
Введение новой лексики по теме “Конституции Российской Федерации – 20 лет”.
Let’s learn new words. Read and translate these words:
2. Развитие навыков чтения на материале публицистического текста. Read the publicist story.
- We know that this year we celebrate the 20 th anniversary of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is important for people all over the Russian Federation. Now you will read the text about it:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on the 12 th of December, 1993. More than 58 million voters took part in the referendum on the new draft constitution. 32 million people voted in favour of the draft constitution. The new Constitution came into force on the 25 th of December, 1993, when it was officially published. The adoption of the 1993 Constitution marked the beginning of a new era in the history of the Russian Federation. The Constitution forms the country’s legal foundation, proclaims the President of the Russian Federation the head of state and lays upon him the responsibility for defending the Constitution, human rights and civil liberties, safeguarding Russia’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and ensuring the coordinated functioning and cooperation of the state bodies of power.
We, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, are united by a common fate on our land. We establish human rights and freedoms, civil peace and accord and preserve the historically established State unity, principles of equality and self-determination of peoples. Russian people revere the memory of ancestors who have passed on to us their love for the Motherland and faith in good and justice. They revive the sovereignty of Russia for future generations. We recognize ourselves a part of the world community. We adopt the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
3. Ответить на вопросы по содержанию текста. Answer the questions, please.
What can you see in the picture? (It’s the Constitution of the Russian Federation.)
When was the last Constitution adopted? (The last Constitution was published on the 12 th of December. Some amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation were made ??on the 30 th of December, 2008.)
Have you read this document? (I have read this document.)
Do you think it’s important for you to know this document? Why? (I think this document is very important. According to this document our rights are guaranteed.)
4. In this table you can read the extracts from the Constitution. Complete the sentences with the word on the right in its appropriate form.
| Everyone have the right to . | LIVE |
| Basic general . shall be compulsory. Parents or guardians shall ensure that children receive a basic general education. | EDUCATE |
| All persons shall be . before the law and the court. | EQUALITY |
| Everyone shall have the right to use his (her) native language and to a free choice of the language of . . and . work. | COMMUNICATE |
- Children must receive a basic general education.
- Everyone has the right to rest .
- We have the right to health protection and medical care.
- Подведение итогов урока.
- Объяснение домашнего задания.
The lesson is over. You were very active. Thank you for your hard work. Good bye! You may be free.
на английском языке с переводом на русский язык
Political System of Russia
Политическая система России
Russia requires rational administration because of many factors: huge territory, multinational population, federative structure, etc. It was necessary to consider them during the creation of a new state after the collapse of the USSR. Therefore, nowadays the country has a well-organized political system.
Россия требует рационального управления из-за многих факторов: огромной территории, многонационального населения, федеративного устройства и т.д. Их было необходимо учесть в ходе создания нового государства после распада СССР. Поэтому в наши дни страна имеет хорошо организованную политическую систему.
The political system of Russia is based on the Constitution adopted in 1993. According to the Constitution, Russia is a democratic republic formed by equal subjects, a secular state where all the human rights are respected. Laws cannot contradict the Constitution. The same document confirms the division of the power into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Local public authorities are autonomy but subordinated to federal ones.
Политическая система России основана на Конституции, принятой в 1993 г. Согласно Конституции, Россия – демократическая республика, формируемая равноправными субъектами, светское государство, где уважаются все права человека. Законы не могут противоречить Конституции. Тот же документ утверждает разделение власти на три ветви: законодательную, исполнительную и судебную. Местные органы власти автономны, но подчинены федеральным.
The Federal Assembly including the Federation Council and the State Duma performs legislative power. The Federation Council consists of representatives of the state’s subjects (two persons from each region) and protects regional interests. Deputies of the State Duma are elected for five years by the direct voting and by the most supported political parties. Bills must pass through debates in the Federal Assembly and the President’s approval to become laws.
Федеральное собрание, включающее Совет Федерации и Государственную думу, осуществляет законодательную власть. Совет Федерации состоит из представителей субъектов государства (два человека от каждого региона) и защищает региональные интересы. Депутаты Государственной думы избираются на пять лет прямым голосованием и политическими партиями, получившими наибольшую поддержку. Чтобы стать законами, законопроекты должны пройти через дебаты в Федеральном собрании и одобрение Президента.
The head of the state and of executive power is the President elected for six years. He commands armed forces, appoints the Chairman of the Government, presents the country in the global political arena, etc. Other members of the Government are Ministers of internal and foreign affairs, industry and trade, health, etc.
Глава государства и исполнительной власти – Президент, избираемый на шесть лет. Он командует вооружёнными силами, назначает Председателя Правительства, представляет страну на глобальной политической арене и т.д. Другие члены Правительства – министры внутренних и иностранных дел, промышленности и торговли, здравоохранения и др.
The highest instances of the judicial power are the Constitutional Court responsible for observance of legality in accordance with the Constitution and Supreme Court examining economic, administrative, criminal cases.
Высшими инстанциями судебной власти являются Конституционный Суд, ответственный за соблюдение законности в соответствии с Конституцией, и Верховный Суд, рассматривающий административные, экономические, уголовные дела.
Предложенный материал поможет подготовиться к уроку английского языка по темам "Государственное устройство России", "Права и обязанности граждан России" в СПО. Цель - воспитание патриотизма и любви к Родине.
Theme: The Constitution of the Russian Federation
The developing dialogue speech
The Educational issues:
The Improvement of speaking skills
The Developing issues:
Development of the unprepared speech
Brining up issues:
Brining up of love and pride of our country.
The Development patriotic quality to personalities of the students .
Material Maintenance: blackboard, handout, the Constitution.
Type of the lesson: combined.
Procedure of the lesson
I. Greeting. The report of pupils on duty.
What date is it today?
What is the day today?
Who's absent and why?
II. Topic presentation.
Report the purpose of the lesson, subject.
T - What is the main law of any country?
Ss - The Constitution.
T - Конститу́ция Росси́йской Федера́ции — высший нормативный правовой акт Российской Федерации. Принята народом России 12 декабря 1993 года.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation — the highest normative legal act of the Russian Federation. Adopted by the people of Russia 12 December 1993.
Т: The topic of today’s lesson is “The Constitution of Russia”. By the end of the lesson you should be able to analyse the contents of some articles of the Russian Constitution and carry on a conversation about the Fundamental law of our country.
Т: I want you now to say all you know about Russia in English. Before we start the quiz, divide into four groups accordingly to the seasons you were born.
Thus, Group A — spring; Group В — summer; Group C — autumn; Group D — winter.
Sample Quiz on Russia.
Stay together in your groups and quickly answer the questions.
Where is Russia situated?
What’s the population of Russia?
What seas is Russia washed by?
What mountains are there in the west of Russia?
Which of the seas freezes over in winter? (Azov etc)
What is the longest river?
What mineral resources is Russia rich in?
What are the economic areas of Russia
Where are most metallurgical plants located?
Who is the first President of Russia?
When was the Constitution adopted?
III. Checking homework.
T: Your knowledge of various aspects of the life of our country shows that most of you are well-educated.
IV. Reading “The Constitution of Russia”
Т: We are about to read the text given. It can be divided into two parts. Look it through and say what parts they are.
Cl: The first part is devoted to the of The main provisions of Constitution Russia, another bigger one represents some parts of the Constitution and its articles.
Т: Read the introduction and say how many chapters and articles the Constitution consists of.
Write down some words from the introduction into your vocabularies and pay special attention to their usage in the context:
on behalf of somebody or on somebody’s behalf (e.g. Mr Smith is away, so I am writing to you on his behalf.)
establishment, to establish means to start smth. new (e.g. This company was established in 1900.)
selfdetermination, determination is being certain that you want to do smth. (e.g. She has shown great determination to succeed.) to strive is to work hard to do smth.
responsibility means being responsible, having to look after smb. or smth. (e.g. She has responsibility for the whole department.)
Comprehension check.
T: Answer the questions about the introduction:
Who adopted the Constitution of Russia?
When was the Constitution of Russia adopted?
What is expressed in the Constitution?
What does the State Duma strive to do?
What responsibility does the State Duma recognize?
What is the Constitution?
Раздел первый. Основные положения
Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя (ст. 1-16)
Глава 2. Права и свободы человека и гражданина (ст. 17-64)
Глава 3. Федеративное устройство (ст. 65-79)
Глава 4. Президент Российской Федерации (ст. 80-93)
Глава 5. Федеральное Собрание (ст. 94-109)
Глава 6. Правительство оссийской Федерации (ст. 110-117)
Глава 8. Местное самоуправление (ст. 130-133)
Глава 9. Конституционные поправки и пересмотр Конституции (ст. 134-137)
Раздел второй. Заключительные и переходные положения
Section first. The main provisions
Chapter 1. The foundations of constitutional order (articles 1-16)
Chapter 2. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen (article 17-64)
Chapter 3. The Federal structure (art. 65-79)
Chapter 4. The President of the Russian Federation (articles 80-93)
Chapter 5. The Federal Assembly (articles 94-109)
Chapter 6. The government of the Russian Federation (articles 110-117)
Chapter 8. Local self-government (articles 130-133)
Chapter 9. Constitutional amendments and revision of the Constitution (articles 134-137)
Section two. Final and transitional provisions
Studying the articles of the Constitution.
T: Read the given articles and put up questions to each article, e.g.
What kind of state is Russia?
What is social life in Russia based upon?
V. Oral Practice
Т: In each group choose “a government official”. All the rest are journalists interviewing him, asking him his opinion on the economic and political situation in the country. Then, change the roles.
to secure [si'kjuə] — гарантировать, обеспечивать
duty ['dju:ti] — обязанность
voter [ˈvəʊtə] — избиратель
body ['bodi] — орган
legislative [ˈleʤɪslətɪv] законодательный,
responsible [ri'sponsibl] — ответственный
accountable [əˈkaʊntəbl] подотчетный, ответственный
justice [ˈʤʌstɪs] правосудие, справедливость
entirely [in'taiəli] — полностью, целиком
on behalf [on bi'ha:f] — от имени
establishment [ɪsˈtæblɪʃmənt] создание, установление
Read the text. Compare the English and Russian variants.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation — the highest normative legal act of the Russian Federation. Adopted by the people of Russia 12 December 1993.
The Constitution establishes the country’s political system, secures rights, freedoms and duties of citizens, and is the basis for all its laws.
According to the Constitution the head of the state is the President, who is elected directly by the voters for a term of six years with no more than two full terms in a row.
Глава 5. Федеральное Собрание
Федеральное Собрание - парламент Российской Федерации - является представительным и законодательным органом Российской Федерации.
1. Федеральное Собрание состоит из двух палат - Совета Федерации и Государственной Думы.
2. В Совет Федерации входят по два представителя от каждого субъекта Российской Федерации: по одному от представительного и исполнительного органов государственной власти.
3. Государственная Дума состоит из 450 депутатов.
1. Государственная Дума избирается сроком на пять лет.
1. Исполнительную власть Российской Федерации осуществляет Правительство Российской Федерации.
Chapter 5. The Federal Assembly
Federal Assembly - Parliament of the Russian Federation - is the representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation.
1. The Federal Assembly consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and State Duma.
2. The Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation: one from representative and Executive public authorities.
3. The state Duma consists of 450 deputies.
The state Duma is elected for five years.
1. The Executive power of the Russian Federation carries out the government of the Russian Federation.
The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Parliament.
Justice in Russia is exercised entirely by courts. The Supreme Court of Russia is the highest juridical body of general jurisdiction.
The Constitution of Russia consists of 9 chapters, 137 articles.
Some parts of the Constitution in English and Russian are represented below.
Раздел первый. Основные положения Глава 1. Основы конституционного строя Статья 1 1. Российская Федерация - Россия есть демократическое федеративное правовое государство с республиканской формой правления.
3. Российская Федерация обеспечивает целостность и неприкосновенность своей территории.
Section first. The main provisions
Chapter 1. The foundations of constitutional order
1. Russian Federation - Russia is a democratic Federal legal state with a Republican form of government.
3. The Russian Federation provides integrity and inviolability of its territory.
Глава 2. Права и свободы человека и гражданина
1. В Российской Федерации признаются и гарантируются права и свободы человека и гражданина.
1. Все равны перед законом и судом.
2. Государство гарантирует равенство прав и свобод человека и гражданина независимо от пола, расы, национальности, языка, происхождения, имущественного и должностного положения, места жительства…,
3. Мужчина и женщина имеют равные права и свободы и равные возможности для их реализации.
1. Каждый имеет право на жизнь.
1. Каждый имеет право на неприкосновенность частной жизни, личную и семейную тайну, защиту своей чести и доброго имени.
2. Каждый имеет право на пользование родным языком, на свободный выбор языка общения, воспитания, обучения и творчества.
Каждому гарантируется свобода совести, свобода вероисповедания…,
5. … Цензура запрещается.
1. Право частной собственности охраняется законом.
1. Труд свободен. Каждый имеет право свободно распоряжаться своими способностями к труду, выбирать род деятельности и профессию.
5. Каждый имеет право на отдых.
3. Трудоспособные дети, достигшие 18 лет, должны заботиться о нетрудоспособных родителях.
2. Государственные пенсии и социальные пособия устанавливаются законом.
1. Каждый имеет право на жилище…
1. Каждый имеет право на охрану здоровья и медицинскую помощь…
1. Каждый имеет право на образование.
1. Каждому гарантируется судебная защита его прав и свобод.
Каждый обязан платить законно установленные налоги и сборы. Законы, устанавливающие новые налоги или ухудшающие положение налогоплательщиков, обратной силы не имеют.
Каждый обязан сохранять природу и окружающую среду, бережно относиться к природным богатствам.
1. Защита Отечества является долгом и обязанностью гражданина Российской Федерации.
Гражданин Российской Федерации может самостоятельно осуществлять в полном объеме свои права и обязанности с 18 лет.
1. Гражданин Российской Федерации может иметь гражданство иностранного государства (двойное гражданство)
Chapter 2. The rights and freedoms of human and citizen
1. The Russian Federation recognizes and guarantees the rights and freedoms of human and citizen.
1. All are equal before the law and the courts.
2. The state guarantees equality of rights and freedoms of human and citizen, regardless of sex, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence.
3. Man and woman have equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their implementation.
1. Everyone has the right to life.
1. Everyone has the right to inviolability of private life, personal and family secret, protection of honour and good name.
The home is inviolable.
2. Everyone has the right to use his native language, freely choose the language of communication, upbringing, education and creativity.
Everyone is guaranteed freedom of conscience, freedom of religion.
5. . Censorship is prohibited.
1. The right to private property is protected by law.
1. The labor is free. Everyone has the right to freely dispose of their abilities to work, choose the type of activity and profession.
5. Everyone has the right to rest.
3. Able-bodied children over 18 years, should care of their disabled parents.
2. State pensions and social benefits are established by law.
1. Everyone has the right to housing.
1. Everyone has the right to health protection and medical care.
1. Everyone has the right to education.
1. Everyone is guaranteed judicial protection of his rights and freedoms.
Everyone is obliged to pay legally established taxes and fees. Laws introducing new taxes or deteriorating the position of taxpayers shall not have retroactive force.
Everyone is obliged to preserve nature and the environment, carefully treat the natural resources.
1. The defense of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of the citizen of the Russian Federation.
The citizen of the Russian Federation may exercise fully their rights and responsibilities 18 years.
1. The citizen of the Russian Federation may have citizenship of a foreign state (dual citizenship)
to adopt the Constitution
to proclaim a state holiday
to establish the country’s political system
to secure political rights
to secure freedoms
to elect the president
to elect a deputy
to develop a democratic state
to approve by a national vote
to be indivisible
to be inviolable [ɪnˈvaɪələbl] - неприкосновенный, нерушимый, незыблемый (untouchable, indestructible, immutable)
to prescribe by law
to exercise power
to usurp the state authority
to guarantee the comprehensive development
to prohibit censorship
the fundamental law
duties of citizens
the basis for all laws
the only body of the executive power
accountable to the
on behalf of the nation
in accordance with the laws
the state language
the use of other languages
the principle of political diversity
Post-reading activity. Speaking
a) Game “Question Time”: Pt, P2, P3 — Cl. (Choose three advanced pupils to put up questions on the contents of the text.) to write the questions.
Pr‘ When. P How many.
P2: What. P2: What term.
P3: Who. Ps: What /executive power.
P2: How long. P2: What/juridical body.
P3: What. P3: What/responsible/accountable.
b) T. What new things and new words have you learnt?
Where and when do you think you can apply the knowledge you've got at the lesson?
What basic principles are contained in a constitution?
Why is a constitution the supreme law of any country?
2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation is Russia's supreme law, passed through a national vote. It contains the basic principles of the Russian constitutional system.
defines the federative structure of the Russian Federation;
establishes the principles of sovereignty and independence of the Russian Federation;
defines the principle of separation of powers between legislative, executive and judicial branches;
establishes equality of ideologies and religions;
defines the Russian Federation as a secular state.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen, sets their priority when deciding any issues, and proclaims the principle of equality before law and court. As for the federative structure, the Constitution contains the list of component units of the Russian Federation, covers the issues that are within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and those that are within the joint jurisdiction of federal and local authorities.
Separate articles are devoted to the bodies of federal power: the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and the Government of the Russian Federation and also the judicial power of the Russian Federation. In these articles, the order and the terms of appointed and elected officials and the limits of their competence are defined according to the principle of separation of powers.
Under the Constitution adopted on December 12, 1993 at the all-Russia referendum, full authority in the Russian Federation belongs to the President and the bodies of the legislative (two-chamber parliament — Federal Assembly), executive (Government of the Russian Federation) and the judicial authorities, which work independently.
The President of the Russian Federation is the Head of the State; the duties of the President are listed, including his status of the Supreme
Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Constitution also contains the text of the oath taken by the President of the Russian Federation upon taking office.
The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (the Federation Council and the State Duma) represents the legislature. The order of electing representatives for these chambers, their competence, terms of office are provided by the Constitution.
The Government of the Russian Federation is the executive branch. The Constitution determines the extent of its jurisdiction and also defines the order and the terms of office of government officials.
Judicial power is implemented by means of constitutional, civil, administrative, and criminal legal proceedings. The Constitution establishes the principles of independence, irremovability and immunity ofjudges, thus providing for objectiveness and impartiality of the court.
The system of courts of the Russian Federation consists of:
the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;
the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;
the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. Separate articles are devoted to the Russian Federation Procurator's
Office with functions of supervision and control, and the procedure for adoption of Constitutional amendments. The Constitution regulates the issues of local self-government, including its authority and sphere of activity.
Transitional and Final provisions regulating the promulgation of the Constitution and its enforcement are contained in Part 2 of the Constitution.
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