Сочинение на английском языке права человека
Обновлено: 09.05.2024
- Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
- Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам
Права́ челове́ка — правила, обеспечивающие защиту достоинства и свободы каждого отдельного человека . В своей совокупности основные права образуют основу правового статуса личности .
Конкретное выражение и объём этих прав как в позитивном праве различных государств, так и в различных международно-правовых договорах , может отличаться. В международном публичном праве известнейший документ, их закрепляющий — Всеобщая декларация прав человека ООН .
В странах-членах ОБСЕ вопросы прав человека, основных свобод, демократии и верховенства закона носят международный характер и не относятся к числу исключительно внутренних дел соответствующего государства.
Свобода — состояние субъекта , в котором он является определяющей причиной своих действий , то есть они не обусловлены непосредственно иными факторами, в том числе природными, социальными, межличностно-коммуникативными и индивидуально-родовыми. При этом свободу не стоит путать со вседозволенностью, когда человек вовсе не учитывает возможной пагубности своих действий для себя и окружающих .
Существует множество различных определений свободы. В этике понимание свободы связано с наличием свободы воли человека.
Конституция запрещает произвольное ограничение прав и свобод человека на территории России. Основным условием реализации прав и свобод является исполнение человеком обязанностей, установленных государством: человек обязан выполнять свои обязанности. К основным обязанностям человека Конституция относит: соблюдение Конституции и законов РФ; осуществление уплаты законно установленных налогов и сборов; сохранение окружающей среды; защита Отечества, несение военной службы; забота о детях; забота о нетрудоспособных родителях; получение основного общего образования; сохранение исторического и культурного наследия. Согласно Конституции РФ, каждый дееспособный гражданин обязан исполнять свои обязанности по достижению восемнадцатилетия.
Категории прав человека Основные права и свободы личности указаны в Конституции Российской Федерации. Они относятся к одной из двух основных категорий: естественные права, которыми человек наделен с рождения вне зависимости от пола, социального статуса и уровня развития цивилизации (например, право на жизнь); и права, возникшие в процессе развития государства и общества (политические и социальные права). Существует несколько классификаций прав человека. Наиболее распространена классификация по сферам общественных отношений, выделяющая следующие категории прав: гражданские (личные), политические, экономические, социальные, культурные.
Human rights are rules that protect the dignity and freedom of each individual. In their totality, fundamental rights form the basis of the legal status of an individual.
The specific expression and scope of these rights, both in the positive law of various states and in various international legal treaties, may differ. In international public law, the most famous document fixing them is the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In the OSCE member states, human rights, fundamental freedoms, democracy and the rule of law are international in nature and are not exclusively internal affairs of the respective state.
Freedom is the state of the subject in which he is the determining cause of his actions, that is, they are not directly determined by other factors, including natural, social, interpersonal, communicative and individually generic. Moreover, freedom should not be confused with permissiveness, when a person does not at all take into account the possible harmfulness of his actions for himself and others.
There are many different definitions of freedom. In ethics, the understanding of freedom is associated with the presence of free will of man.
In law, freedom is the possibility of certain human behavior enshrined in the constitution or other legislative act (for example, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, etc.). The category of freedom is close to the concept of law in a subjective sense, but the latter presupposes the existence of a legal mechanism for the implementation and usually the corresponding obligation of the state or other entity to perform any action. On the contrary, legal freedom does not have a clear implementation mechanism; it corresponds to the obligation to refrain from committing any violation of this freedom of action. Thus, in the “Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights” (1789, France), human freedom is interpreted as the possibility of “doing everything that does not harm another: thus, the realization of the natural rights of every person is limited only by those limits that ensure that other members of society use those the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law. ”
The Constitution prohibits arbitrary restriction of human rights and freedoms in Russia. The main condition for the realization of rights and freedoms is the fulfillment by a person of duties established by the state: a person is obliged to fulfill his duties. The basic duties of a person are the Constitution: compliance with the Constitution and laws of the RF; payment of legally established taxes and fees; environmental conservation; defense of the Fatherland, military service; caring for children; care for disabled parents; basic general education; preservation of historical and cultural heritage. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, each capable citizen is obliged to fulfill his duties to achieve eighteen years of age.
Categories of human rights Basic rights and freedoms of the individual are specified in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. They belong to one of two main categories: natural rights that a person is endowed with from birth, regardless of gender, social status and level of development of civilization (for example, the right to life); and rights arising in the process of development of the state and society (political and social rights). There are several classifications of human rights. The most common classification is in the areas of public relations, highlighting the following categories of rights: civil (personal), political, economic, social, cultural.
- What document guarantees international human rights?
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees international human rights. The United Nations General Assembly passed this document in 1948.
- What international organizations are responsible for protecting human rights?
- International concern for human rights has been evident outside of the United Nations. The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which met in Helsinki in 1973-75, produced the Helsinki Final Act. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which first met in 1950, produced the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Social Charter; the Ninth Pan-American Conference of 1948 adopted the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man; and the Organization of African Unity in 1981 adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. There are also a number of private groups involved in human-rights advocacy. One of the best-known international human rights agencies is Amnesty International (founded in 1961). This organization is responsible for broad casting violations of human rights, especially freedoms of speech and religion and the right of political dissent.
- When was the notion of human right worked out?
- Human rights belong to an individual as a consequence of being human. They refer to a wide range of values that are universal for all human beings. The origins of the concept of human rights are traced to the Greco-Roman natural-law doctrines of stoicism. According to the doctrines a universal force penetrates all creation and that human conduct should therefore be judged ac cording to the law of nature, and in the "law of nations", in which certain universal rights were extended beyond the rights of Roman citizenship. From the Renaissance until the 17th century the beliefs and practices of society so changed that the idea of human (or natural) rights took hold as a general social need and reality. The modernist conception of natural law (natural rights) was elaborated in the 17th and 18th centuries. The struggle against political absolutism in the late 18th and the 19th centuries further advanced the concept of human rights. In the 20th century the notion of human rights achieved universal acceptance.
- What are the basic human rights?
- The right to life and liberty are the basic human rights. They are proclaimed in the Covenant on Civil and Political rights and its optional protocol. One of the most vital rights granted in this Covenant is the right of people to self-determination. This document guarantees such rights as personal security, equality before the law, fair trial, freedom of religion, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, right to marry, participation in public affairs and elections, and minority rights. Propaganda of war is prohibited. The right to security and privacy of person is very important too. The document insures fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
- Do people have any social guarantees?
- Yes. Certainly we have such guarantees. Social guarantees of people are set forth in the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural life. This document deals with the right to work, the conditions of work, trade unions, social security, protection of the family, standards of living and health, education and cultural life. The European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights provided the most effective means for the implementation of the protection of human rights. The efforts of government in this area should be guided by these two Covenants.
- What can you say about human rights in Russia?
- Now, when Russia has entered the way of democracy it is directed by the international covenants in the field of human right as the rest democratic countries of the world. Despite its great economic, political, and social difficulties the fundamental rights of the people are guaranteed by the Russian government. The protection of human rights is secured by the Russian constitution. Such human rights as freedom of religion, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, right to marry, participation in public affairs and elections are guaranteed and embodied in different political, cultural, and social institutions, religious confessions, secular organizations, in a variety of mass media productions. Although not all human rights are equally put into life in our country so far, we are moving along the way of democracy and the new generation will enjoy all the human rights which are set forth in the international covenants.
Внимание. Вся ответственность за использование данного материала полностью возлагается на человека, его использующего. Администрация сайта не несет ответственности за возможные неточности; фактические и орфографические ошибки в тексте; за проблемы, которые могут возникнуть на экзаменах, зачетах или при других формах проверки знаний. Скрыть предупреждение!
← Предыдущий текст
International organizations and international co-operation
Следующий текст →
Good Christian men, rejoice
Темы на английском языке. Топики. Абитуриенту. Human rights. Права человека. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees international human rights. The United Nations General Assembly passed this document in 1948. Human rights belong to an individual as a consequence of being human. They refer to a wide range of values that are universal for all human beings.
- What document guarantees international human rights?
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees international human rights. The United Nations General Assembly passed this document in 1948.
- What international organizations are responsible for protecting human rights?
- International concern for human rights has been evident outside of the United Nations. The Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which met in Helsinki in 1973-75, produced the Helsinki Final Act. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which first met in 1950, produced the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Social Charter; the Ninth Pan-American Conference of 1948 adopted the American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man; and the Organization of African Unity in 1981 adopted the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. There are also a number of private groups involved in human-rights advocacy. One of the best-known international human rights agencies is Amnesty International (founded in 1961). This organization is responsible for broad casting violations of human rights, especially freedoms of speech and religion and the right of political dissent.
- When was the notion of human right worked out?
- Human rights belong to an individual as a consequence of being human. They refer to a wide range of values that are universal for all human beings. The origins of the concept of human rights are traced to the Greco-Roman natural-law doctrines of stoicism. According to the doctrines a universal force penetrates all creation and that human conduct should therefore be judged ac cording to the law of nature, and in the "law of nations", in which certain universal rights were extended beyond the rights of Roman citizenship. From the Renaissance until the 17th century the beliefs and practices of society so changed that the idea of human (or natural) rights took hold as a general social need and reality. The modernist conception of natural law (natural rights) was elaborated in the 17th and 18th centuries. The struggle against political absolutism in the late 18th and the 19th centuries further advanced the concept of human rights. In the 20th century the notion of human rights achieved universal acceptance.
- What are the basic human rights?
- The right to life and liberty are the basic human rights. They are proclaimed in the Covenant on Civil and Political rights and its optional protocol. One of the most vital rights granted in this Covenant is the right of people to self-determination. This document guarantees such rights as personal security, equality before the law, fair trial, freedom of religion, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, right to marry, participation in public affairs and elections, and minority rights. Propaganda of war is prohibited. The right to security and privacy of person is very important too. The document insures fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
- Do people have any social guarantees?
- Yes. Certainly we have such guarantees. Social guarantees of people are set forth in the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural life. This document deals with the right to work, the conditions of work, trade unions, social security, protection of the family, standards of living and health, education and cultural life. The European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights provided the most effective means for the implementation of the protection of human rights. The efforts of government in this area should be guided by these two Covenants.
- What can you say about human rights in Russia?
- Now, when Russia has entered the way of democracy it is directed by the international covenants in the field of human right as the rest democratic countries of the world. Despite its great economic, political, and social difficulties the fundamental rights of the people are guaranteed by the Russian government. The protection of human rights is secured by the Russian constitution. Such human rights as freedom of religion, freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, right to marry, participation in public affairs and elections are guaranteed and embodied in different political, cultural, and social institutions, religious confessions, secular organizations, in a variety of mass media productions. Although not all human rights are equally put into life in our country so far, we are moving along the way of democracy and the new generation will enjoy all the human rights which are set forth in the international covenants.
Rights and Duties of the Russian Citizens
According to the Constitution itself every person has the right to the free development of his or her personality, and has obligations before society where free and full development of the personality is assured.
The Constitution guarantee the rights to life, non-interference in private and family life, personal inviolability and the inviolability of dwelling, free choice of residence, work, rest, education, social security, housing, health protection, medical care and medical insurance, a safe and healthy environment. There are no privileges or restrictions based upon face, colour of skin, political and other beliefs, gender, ethnic and social origin, property, ownership, position, place of residence, language, religion.
Citizens have equal Constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before law. Citizens of Ukraine perform military services in compliance with the law.
Defense to the Motherland of the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and respect for the state symbols are the duties of citizens. Every person must pay taxes in the order and amount определено by law. No person may damage the environment, cultural heritage.
1. Citizens have equal rights and freedoms, don't they?
2. What are the duties of citizens?
3. What do citizens of Ukraine perform?
4. What does our Constitution guarantee?
5. Are there any restrictions in rights based upon colour of skin?
to guarantee - гарантировать
in compliance with - согласно, в соответствии с
Права и обязанности граждан Украины
Согласно Конституции каждый человек имеет право на свободное развитие личности, а также обязанности перед обществом, где гарантируется свободное и полное развитие личности.
Конституция гарантирует право на жизнь, невмешательство в личную и семейную жизнь, личную неприкосновенность и неприкосновенность жилища, свободный выбор жилья, труд, отдых, образование, социальное обеспечение, обеспечение жильем, здравоохранение, медицинское обслуживание и страхование, безопасную и здоровую окружающую среду.
Не существует привилегий или ограничений за цвет кожи, политические и другие убеждения, пол, этническое и социальное происхождение, собственность, обладание, положение, место проживания, язык, религию.
Граждане имеют равные конституционные права и свободы и равны перед законом. Граждане Украины несут военную службу в соответствии с законом.
Защита Отечества, независимости и территориальной целостности Украины и уважение к государственным символам - обязанность граждан. Каждый человек должен уплачивать налоги в порядке и количестве, установленными законом. Никто не имеет права наносить ущерб окружающей среде и культурному наследию.
Читайте также: