Новая зеландия реферат на английском языке
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What is the name of the country which has volcanoes and rivers of ice, deer and sea-elephants?
It is New Zealand, called the Land of the Long White Cloud by the Maoris.
New Zealand is an island country. It is made up of three islands: the North and South Islands and Steward Island, a small land mass just to the south of (he South Island. Most of its people live in North Island, and that is where you find big volcanoes like Egmont and Tongariro and the boiling pools and geysers and lakes of bubbling mud. Auckland, Christ church and Wellington are the biggest cities. Wellington is the capital.
South Island is larger than North Island and has the highest mountains. There you can find the snow-capped Southern Alps, rising 3.764 metres to the tip of Mount Cook (named after Captain Cook, of course, because he visited the islands before sailing on westwards and discovering the eastern coast of Australia). ***
South Island is very beautiful with its Alps and lakes, its glaciers and fiords. Have you ever heard of Milford Sound? That is one of the most picturesque of the fiords, with cliffs rising straight up out of the water, the whole scene reflected in the water. Down there, too, are the Sunderland Falls, where water drops six hundred metres, making these falls one of the highest waterfalls in the whole world.
So you can see there is plenty to look at in New Zealand. Plenty of things to do for tourists, because New Zealand is also famous for its fishing, snow sports, mountaineering, sailing and hiking.
The climate is pleasant at all seasons, without much difference between winter and summer. New Zealand does not have the terrible heat of Australian summers; the oceans temper its climate and the mountains bring down quite a lot of rain.
What do the people do? Farm mostly. Dairy products, meat and wool are the main exports. New Zealand ranks second only to Australia as an exporter of wool. There are many factories there too, with hydro-electric stations to produce the power for them.
North Island is where you find the Maoris, the fine people who lived in these islands hundreds of years before the white man came. Most of them live near Auckland. ***
The Maoris, a Polynesian people, are the aborigines of New Zealand. After long stays in Indonesia and the South Pacific, which they explored for many years, they made their great journey to New Zealand about the middle of the 14th century. They sailed in double canoes open to all weathers. They knew the winds, the ocean currents and the stars, and this earned them the name of Vikings of the Sunrise. ***
The capital of New Zealand since 1865, and one of its busiest ports, Wellington is at southern end of North Island, lying among hills on the western side of a natural harbour.
It is the third largest city in New Zealand.
Auckland (the former capital) is the first largest city, and Christchurch is the second.
The Maori name for Wellington Harbour means the great bay of Tara. According to Maori legend, Tara was the first Polynesian settler in this place. But Nicholson (after a Royal Navy captain) was the name given to it by the first British settlers, and it is still sometimes called by this name.
In 1839 a British officer bought the site of Wellington from the Maoris; he got it in exchange for blankets and some other unimportant things. In 1840 the first settlers arrived and called their settlement Britannia. By 1842 there were 3.700 colonists in the settlement and Britannia had become Wellington. ***
The kiwi is rather an unusual bird found only in New Zealand. It has no tail, almost no wings, and its nostrils are situated near the end of its bill. No other bird lays an egg so large in proportion to its size. Its egg is about one fifth of its own weight. This is a tremendous size.
In many countries. New Zealander. too, are known as Kiwis, for the bird is also the symbol of people of the two islands.
Forests of exotic pines near the centre of New Zealand's North Island, cover an area of more than 160000 hectares. This is the largest single continuous area of planted forest in the world. New Zealand has more than four hundred thousand hectares of planted forests.
The most important wood is pine, which grows five times faster in New Zealand than in its native habitat in California, USA. QUESTIONS
1. What is New Zealand called by the Maoris?
2. How many islands is New Zealand made up of?
3. Are there many geysers in New Zealand?
4. What climate has New Zealand? Is it pleasant?
5. What do the people do?
6. What does New Zealand export?
7. What is the capital of the country? What other big cities of New Zealand do you know?
8. Who are the aborigines of New Zealand?
9. Who was Tara according to Maori legend?
10. What unusual bird is found in New Zealand? What are New Zealanders sometimes called in other countries?
Предлагаю вашему вниманию тему о Новой Зеландии на английском языке с переводом. Топик содержит важные факты о географическом положении новой Зеландии, краткие исторические данные, данные о климате и населении.
New Zealand topic подойдет для 7 – 8 классов. Для чтения этот текст New Zealand можно использовать и в 6 классе.
New Zealand текст
Geographical Position
New Zealand is a country in the south-western Pacific ocean.
New Zealand is the size of Colorado. It is separated from Australia by the Tasman Sea. It consists of two main islands: the South Island, the North Island, and a number of smaller islands. The North Island is long and volcanic in its south central part. New Zealand has many springs and geysers. The South Island has the Southern Alps along its west coast, with Mount Cook the highest point.
New Zealand has more than 50 volcanoes, some are still active today. Snowy peaks, rocky shores, and pastures create a really majestic landscape.
History.
The first settlers of New Zealand were Maoris. The Maori named New Zealand Aotearoa, which is usually translated into English as ‘The Land of the Long White Cloud’. The Dutch cartographers called the islands Nova Zeelandia, after the Dutch province of Zeeland.
In 1769, Captain James Cook came to the islands. The British established settlements and signed a treaty with the Maori in 1840. In 1893, New Zealand became the first country to give women the right to vote. The country became a dominion of Britain in 1907 and gained its independence from Britain in 1947.
Population and Languages
The population of New Zealand, about 4 million people, is mostly of European descent. The official languages are English and Maori. New Zealand English is close to Australian English in pronunciation.
Climate.
The climate in the country is mild. Of the main cities, Christchurch is the driest (640 mm of rain per year) and Auckland is the wettest. As grass grows very quickly, the main industry in New Zealand is agriculture, especially cattle farming, marine fishing, fruit production.
Nature.
Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world, New Zealand has extraordinary flora and fauna. About 80% of the flora in New Zealand occurs only in New Zealand. The varied landscape of New Zealand has made it a popular location for the production of television programmes and films, including ‘The Lord of the Rings’ and ‘The Last Samurai’.
Head of the state.
Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of New Zealand and the Head of state but her position is largely symbolic. The Head of Government is the Prime Minister.
New Zealand's government is based on the parliamentary democracy. There are two main parties, National and Labour.
Перевод текста New Zealand
Географическое Положение
Новая Зеландия-страна, расположенная в юго-западной части Тихого океана.
Новая Зеландия имеет размер штата Колорадо. Она отделена от Австралии Тасмановым морем. Страна состоит из двух главных островов: Южного Острова, Северного острова и ряда мелких островов. Форма Северного острова – удлиненная, остров имеет вулканическое проиcхождение в южно-центральной части. На территории Новой Зеландии много источников и гейзеров. На юге острова расположены Южные Альпы, которые тянутся вдоль западного побережья, здесь находится гора Кук, самая высокая точка Новой Зеландии.
На территории Новой Зеландии более 50 вулканов, некоторые из них все еще активны. Снежные пики, скалистые берега и луга создают действительно величественный пейзаж.
История.
Первыми поселенцами Новой Зеландии были маори. Маори называли Новую Зеландию Аотеароа, что переводится как ‘Земля длинного белого облака’. Голландские картографы назвали эти острова Новая Зеландия в честь голландской провинции Зеланд.
В 1769 году капитан Джеймс Кук прибыл на острова. Британцы создали здесь поселения и подписали договор с маори в 1840 году. В 1893 году Новая Зеландия стала первой страной, давшей женщинам право голосовать. Страна стала доминионом Великобритании в 1907 году и получила независимость от Британии в 1947 году.
Население и языки
Население Новой Зеландии около 4 миллионов человек в основном Европейского происхождения. Официальными языками являются английский и маори. Новозеландский английский близок к австралийскому английскому в плане произношения.
Климат.
Климат в стране мягкий. Из крупных городов, Крайстчерч является самым сухим (640 мм осадков в год), а Окленд – самым влажным. Все здесь растет очень быстро, поэтому основная отрасль в Новой Зеландии – сельское хозяйство, и особенно разведение крупного рогатого скота, морской промысел, производство плодово-ягодной продукции.
Природа.
Из-за длительной изоляции от остального мира, Новая Зеландия обладает необычайной флорой и фауной. Около 80% флоры в Новой Зеландии характерно только для Новой Зеландии. Разнообразный ландшафт Новой Зеландии сделал его популярным местом для производства телевизионных программ и фильмов, включая фильмы ‘Властелин колец’ и ‘Последний Самурай’.
Глава государства.
Королева Елизавета II является королевой Новой Зеландии и главой государства, но ее позиция в значительной степени символична. Глава правительства-премьер-министр.
Правительство Новой Зеландии строится на основе парламентской демократии. Ведущие партии – Национальная партия и Лейбористская партия.
Надеюсь, этот Topiс New Zealand с переводом помог Вам и был полезным.
approximately divided equally between the two islands, is 103,470 square miles.
Surprisingly, only 2 percent of the land area is arable. New Zealand has an
abundance of natural resources, explaining why the country is so wealthy
compared to other nations. These resources include fertile grazing land, oil
and gas, iron, coal, timber, and excellent fishing waters.
New Zealand’s climate is basically moderate year round because of the
nearby ocean that regulates the climate. New Zealand enjoys a marine west coast
climate, that on average produces sixty to eighty degree temperatures in January
and forty to sixty degree temperatures in July. Because it is surrounded by the
ocean, New Zealand receives immense quantities of precipitation on both islands.
The average annual precipitation on the North Island is thirty to forty inches
and on the South Island it is forty to fifty inches. This climate produces
mixed forests, mid-latitude deciduous forests, and temperate grassland
vegetation. The terrain is dominated by meadows, pastures, wood lands, and a
small chain of mountains called the Southern Alps. The land is blanketed with
small lakes and rivers that drain the highlands and empty into the ocean. The
extraordinary diversity of the physical geography found in the United States
seems to have been duplicated in this relatively small country, where the ski
slopes and the beaches may be only an hour apart.
The cultural geography of New Zealand is not as diverse as its physical
geography. Currently 3,547,983 people live in New Zealand, but 83.7 percent of
the population live in urbanized areas. The chief cities, each containing more
than one hundred thousand people, are Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Manukau,
and Wellington. The average population per square mile is only 34, but it is
growing due to a 0.8 percent natural growth rate. Keeping in mind that only 2
percent of the land is arable, the crop land per capita is a meager 0.125 acres
per person. Large portions of New Zealand are devoted to sheep stations, for
there are more sheep in New Zealand than people.
The official language of New Zealand is English, although a small
percentage of the people speak Maori, the native language. Somewhat
corresponding to the language groups, the religious make up is 52 percent
Christian, 15 percent Roman Catholic, and 33 percent unspecified or none. The
country takes pride in a 99.9 percent literacy rate by having an excellent
education system. The entire nation resides in a single time zone that would
report 6:00 A.M. if the time in Amarillo, Texas was noon. From the country’s
cultural geography, it could be predicted that the nation would enjoy a good
standard of living. In 1994 the gross national product of New Zealand was a
colossal 56.4 billion United State’s dollars, generating a per capita income of
$16,640. For every 3.2 people there is a television, and for every 2.2 people
there is a telephone, meaning there are over 2,600,000 televisions and
telephones in New Zealand. Fortunately, 99.8 percent of the people are able to
enjoy safe drinking water, including the natives who live in rural areas.
New Zealand has a superb health care industry that serves as a paragon
to the rest of the world. There are presently 11,335 physicians and 31,122
hospital beds in New Zealand, for an ample ratio of one physician per 313 people
and one hospital bed per 114 people. The population of New Zealand is provided
with plenty of food and a healthy diet, the average person receives
approximately 3,250 calories per day. New Zealand has one of the highest life
expectancies in the entire world, that being 74 for men, 80 for women, and 77
for any person. Unfortunately, AIDS is a growing problem in New Zealand that
continues to spread at a phenomenal rate. There have been 3,548 AIDS cases
reported, affecting one out of every 1,000 people with the syndrome, not to
mention the thousands more infected with the HIV virus.
New Zealand’s government has contributed to its impressive standard of
living. New Zealand achieved independence from the United Kingdom on September
26, 1907. The government was placed in Wellington, on the North Island, and
still remains there today as the capital. The government is a constitutional
monarchy that was designed to resemble the United Kingdom government. It
includes an executive branch, legislative branch, judicial branch, and a King
and Queen employed only as figureheads. The military is divided into three
branches, the New Zealand army, the Royal New Zealand Navy, and the Royal New
Zealand Air Force. Presently there are 742,871 men fit for military service,
but only 10,500 active troops in service.
New Zealand has a flourishing economy that is based on three main
economic activities, livestock raising, farming, and foreign trade. The economy
is almost completely dependent on the export of goods, which include wool, lamb,
mutton, beef, fish, and forestry products. Twenty percent of the exports go to
Australia, 15 percent to Japan, 12 percent to the U.S., 6 percent to the U.K.,
and 47 percent to other countries. New Zealand’s monetary unit is the New
Zealand dollar, and the exchange rate is 1.46 N.Z. dollars equals 1 U.S. dollar.
With a 6.2 percent economic growth rate, New Zealand could soon have one of the
top five economies in the world.
New Zealand is among the world’s finest countries, because of its
exquisite landscape and first-rate economy. With an excellent standard of
living, perfect climate, and majestic terrain, New Zealand for many people is an
ideal place to live. Every year hundreds of thousands of people tour New
Zealand just to catch a glimpse of what many proclaim to be paradise, and after
researching this report, I intend to someday be one of those tourists.
Baerwald, Thomas, and Celeste Fraser. World Geography: A World Perspective.
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995.
“New Zealand.” World Fact Book (1995). Site:
Compton’s Learning Company. Compton’s Living Encyclopedia. New York: Soft Key,
Famighetti, Robert. The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997. United States:
World Almanac Books, 1997.
Novosad, Charles. The Nystrom Desk Atlas. Chicago: Division of Hereff Jones,
Если вам нужно рассказать о Новой Зеландии (New Zealand) на английском языке, воспользуйтесь текстом на этой странице. Здесь вы найдете текст на английском о Новой Зеландии с переводом и аудио. Также после текста идет список полезных слов из этого топика.
Zealand / Новая Зеландия. Текст на английском языке + аудио
Это текст на английском языке о Новой Зеландии. Вариант “текст + перевод” вы найдете ниже.
Пройдите тест на уровень английского:
New Zealand is a state with a whole area of 268,700 square meters. It is located on the South-West of the Pacific Ocean, on the large North and South islands. It is divided by the Cook Strait, and includes the small islands of Chatham, Antipodes, Kermadec, Campbell, Cook and Tokelau.
The population is presented by two cultural groups: New Zealanders of European origin and the very small Polynesian Maori people. The official languages are English and Maori, with Wellington as the capital. For everyday communication and business meetings, it is English that is used, but Maori is officially recognized as the co-official language. The largest cities, which have territory larger than the capital, are Hamilton, Auckland and Christchurch.
The climate of New Zealand is smooth and humid. The seasonal temperature difference is small, it rains a lot, but there is no shortage of sunny days either. Climatic conditions vary from one region of the country to another. This is partly due to the significant longitudinal extent of New Zealand, which leads to the fact that in its far north the climate is warm and humid, without frost, and in the far south, in the inner part of the island — cold and dry. A certain role is also played by mountain ranges located in the west and in the center of the islands which protect the eastern coasts from the winds blowing from the west.
New Zealand is a forest area. In terms of the composition of the flora, it is very peculiar. In the extreme north of the North Island, the vegetation is subtropical. This area is characterized by forests of New Zealand kauri pine, ancient relict evergreen forests. Numerous conifers grow in them — araucaria, incense cedars, various pines, evergreen southern beeches, even some palms and tree ferns. The forest is braided with lianas, and abounds in mosses and lichens.
Текст на английском языке с переводом Zealand / Новая Зеландия. Топик на английском языке
Это тот же топик про Новую Зеландию на английском, но с переводом. Перевод сделан для каждого предложения в отдельной строке.
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