Driving in russia road rules and regulations реферат

Обновлено: 04.07.2024

T. – Today we are going to have not a usual lesson, we are to speak about the “ Highway Code” for pedestrians and we are to try to find similarities and differences between the codes of Russia and Britain. Then we are to speak about the history of the Russian Highway Code and we’ll try to estimate its importance for our modern life.

Nowadays with the rapid rate of our modern life, with the increase of urban population in big cities the problem of transport is becoming one of the most urgent. Airplanes and trains, ships and automobiles are the main means of transport. Most of the citizens can’t even imagine their every - day life without their personal cars. More than 50% of the population of our planet have their personal cars and use them almost every day. The problems which arise with the usage of the cars are pollution of air, water and land, traffic jams and of course, a great amount of deaths on the roads around the world. Can we find the sollutions to these problems?

II. Now, let us do the task of FCE format

– “multiplechoise cloze “, in which we are to revise the lexics, concerning this theme and, at the same time, try to solve the problem.

Decide which answer (A,B,C or D ) best fits each space.

Past, present and future.

A hundred years ago, most people travelled (1) …. B … foot, by train, or on horseback. (2) … had made it possible to travel rapidly over long distances. Bicycles were also becoming (3) …, after the invention of the air-filled (4) …, which made cycling a lot more comfortable. Buses, trams and (5) … railways had already been invented, and cities all over the world already had traffic (6)… . There were very few private cars, and city (7) … were still full of horses. What a difference a hundred years have (8) … ! (9) … we have got (10) … to the problem of private cars, and some cities are so noisy and (11) … that in many places (12) … have been banned from the city centre. How will we be travelling in a hundred years’time ? Perhaps (13) … then there will be only personal helicopters. There may be no need to (14) … to work or school in the future, since everyone will have a computer at home. There might even be more people walking and horse-riding, for pleasure (15) ….

1.	A by	B on	C with	D to
2.	A Tracks	B Lines	C Ways	D Railways
3.	A popular	B invented	C then	D handlebars
4.	A boot	B brake	C tyre	D engine
5.	A metro	B buried	C underground	D submerged
6.	A blocks	B sticks	C knots	D jams
7.	A streets	B pavements	C lawns	D carts
8.	A taken	B done	C made	D got
9.	A Presently	B Nowadays	C Then	D Later
10.	A more	B them	C motorists	D used
11.	A even	B polluted	C so	D poisoned
12.	A vehicles	B traffic	C transport	D trips
13.	A cars	B by	C even	D transport
14.	A have	B transport	C decide	D commute
15.	A exercise	B keep fit	C energy	D healthy

T. Now, try to answer my questions:

What means of transport are mentioned in this exercise?
(A – trains, B – horses, C – bicycles, D – buses, E – trams, F – cars, G – helicopters)
What are the main problems connected with the development of different means of transport?
(A – noise, B – polution, D – traffic jams)

III. T. The ecological problems of noise and pollution should be solved not only by scientists,

but we all should try to do something. The problems of traffic, traffic jams should be regulated by special governmental bodies and of course by the highway code.

T. Now, we are to listen to some information and I think, you will estimate these hazardous data and understand that we should know and follow the Highway Code of the country we live in.

There were 114248 traffic accidents from the beginning of the year оп Russian territory.
There wеrе 766 traffic accidents in the first 3 months of 2008 in Bashkortostan.
488 of them are pedestrians12025 реорlе has already died in Russia in traffic accidents (2008)
There were 22921traffiс accidents in Russia (2007), in which 1179 children died.
More than 1200000 реорlе die in traffic accidents around the world еvеrу year.
And about 50000000 are seriously hurt.
About 35000 реорlе die in traffic accidents оn Russian roads every year.
Over 270000 реорlе get different injuries and beconie disabled.
3-4 children die in traffic accidents in Russia every day and about 50-60 get injured.
69 реорlе died and 899 were injured.

T. This information is really frightening. A great amount of people die in traffic accidents every year. There is a tendence of increasing of the number of deaths year by year. Every country of the world has its special rules and regulations of traffic. These codes tend to decrease the number of deaths. When did the first code apear in Russia? What’s the history of its creation?

Student 2: (a report)

Nowadays in Russia, as well as in many other countries, right-handed traffic is widely used. But in some countries like Ireland, Great Britain, Japan, RepuЫic of South Africa and Australia, left-handed traffic is more common. This is explained bу the fact that right- and left-handed traffic appeared long time before the first car was invented.
For ехатрlе, in 1998 archaeologists found а well-preserved track leading to а Roman quarry in England. After some researches it became clear that Romans drove оn the left.
In fact, some реорlе believe that ancient travelers rode оn the left, as it was more comfortableble to make friendship to passing riders or defend themselves.
The first legal reference in Britain to аn order for traffic to remain оn the left оссurred in 1756. Although in 1700s а shift from left to right took рlace in many countries such as the United States, the British always kept to the left.
Eventually the idea of right-handed traffic prevailed. Portugal switched to the right early in the ХХ century, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary — in the 1930s. Sweden and Iceland were the last countries to change – in 1967 and 1968 correspondently. Тоdау, four European countries drive оn the left – Cyprus, the Republic of Ireland, Malta and the UK. The countries that drive оn the left are mainly former British colonies, such as India.
Research in 1969 by J.J.Leeming showed that countries with left-handed traffic had а lower accident rate than countries that drive оn the right, but this has not bееn proved yet. It is possiЫy connected with human vision peculiarities. In addition, tourists that visit countries with different type of traffic are usually asked to avoid driving.

T. The Highway Code appeared in Russia in 1973 and from that time there appeared a lot of amendments to it. Are there any differences in the rules and regulations as concerning traffic in Russia and in Britain?

Yes, there but not very serious. The most important difference is that the traffic in Russia is right-handed, but in Britain it is left-handed.

Student 3 (a report):

Nowadays in Russia, as well as in many other countries, right-handed traffic is widely used. But in some countries like Ireland, Great Britain, Japan, RepuЫic of South Africa and Australia, left-handed traffic is more common. This is explained bу the fact that right- and left-handed traffic appeared long time before the first car was invented.
For ехатрlе, in 1998 archaeologists found а well-preserved track leading to а Roman quarry in England. After some researches it became clear that Romans drove оn the left.
In fact, some реорlе believe that ancient travelers rode оn the left, as it was more comfortableble to make friendship to passing riders or defend themselves.
The first legal reference in Britain to аn order for traffic to remain оn the left оссurred in 1756. Although in 1700s а shift from left to right took рlace in many countries such as the United States, the British always kept to the left.
Eventually the idea of right-handed traffic prevailed. Portugal switched to the right early in the ХХ century, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Hungary — in the 1930s. Sweden and Iceland were the last countries to change — in 1967 and 1968 correspondently. Тоdау, four European countries drive оn the left — Cyprus, the RepuЫic of Ireland, Malta and the UK. The countries that drive оn the left are mainly former British colonies, such as India.
Research in 1969 by J.J.Leeming showed that countries with left-handed traffic had а lower accident rate than countries that drive оn the right, but this has not bееn proved yet. It is possiЫy connected with human vision peculiarities. In addition, tourists that visit countries with different type of traffic are usually asked to avoid driving.

T. To regulate the traffic every country in the world has its own Highway Code. We should remember that there are special rules for pedestrians and drivers. All of us are pedestrians, but not all of us are drivers.At the age of 18 in Russia you can take a special test and get your driving licence. Nowadays in Russia all the drivers get international certificate which can be used not only in Russia. You are at the age of 16-17 now and the most important for is to know and follow the special code for pedestrians. Now let us read the main articles of the Highway Code for pedestrians:

(The teacher gives students papers with the main articles of the Highway Code for pedestrians in Russia and students read aloud the rules, comment on them explaining how they understand them.)

The Highway Соде Ru1es for pedestrians

General guidance

Pavements should bе used if provided bу pedestrians. If уоu have to step into the road, look both ways first.
If there is nо pavement кеер to the side of the road so that уоu саn see oncoming traffic. Wear or саггу something light-coloured, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight conditions
Уоung children should not bе out alone оn the pavement or road. Кеер between them and the traffic and hold their hands firmly.
Groups of реор1е walking together should use а pavement Look-outs should bе at the front and back of the group, and they should wear fluorescent clothes in daylight and reflective clothes in the dark. At night, the look-out in front should show а white light and the оnе at the back а red light.
Pedestrians MUST NOT bе оn motorways or slip roads except in аn emergency
The Green Cross Соде. Children should bе taught the Соде of crossing the roads. Find а safe р1асе to cross or а crossing nearby. Look all around for traffic and listen. Traffic could соmе from аnу direction. If traffic is coming, 1et it pass. Look all around again and listen. Remember, еven if traffic is а long way off, it mау bе approaching very quickly. Do not walk diagonally across the road.
At а junction. When crossing the road, 1ооk out for traffic turning into the road, especially from behind уоu. Whi1e crossing the road уоu have priority and they should give way.
One-way streets. Check which way the traffic is moving. Do not cross until it is safe to до so without stopping
When crossing bus and сус1е lanes take care as traffic тау bе moving faster
If уоu have to cross between parked vehicles stop there and make sure уои саn see аll around and that the traffic саn see уоu.
Never cross behind а vehicle which is reversing.
Уоu MUST NOT get onto or hold onto а moving vehicle.
At аll crossings. When using аnу type of crossing уоu should
always check that the traffic has stopped before уоu start to cross.
always cross between the studs or оvег the zebra markings. Do not cross at the side of the crossing or оn the zig-zag lines, as it саn bе dangerous
At traffic lights. There mау bе special signals for pedestrians. Уоu should only start to cross the road when the green light is оn. Кеер looking and check for traffic that mау bе turning the corner.

T. At home you will have to answer these questions of the test (the teacher gives students test papers) This will be your hometask on the theme.

T. To sum up our lesson let us have some fun. On the blackboard you can see some humorous traffic signs. Have a look at these rhymes and try to match them to these signs. (the teacher gives students sheets with rhymes.)

Don't use vodka
as а fuel
all careless реор1е.
Soon will bе cripples
Driver, slow down.
Let the реор1е walk around.
Always keep the safely distance.
Or drive into the truck, for instance
If there isn't traffic jam
Let the реорlе leave the tram.
Оbеу rules right away
While уоu're driving оn the way.
Rushing оn the road, guy.
Уоu can make some реорlе die.
Car insurance!
For those who need assurance.
Push your brakes, don't go fast
Whi1e the kids have not passed
Driver, please don't mess around
Riding оn ice-covered ground.

Достаточно капли "горючего"
В пути для несчастного случая!
Проверить машину свою не забудь,
Когда ты на ней отправишься в путь!
У перехода пыл свой укроти,
И дай дорогу людям перейти.
Соблюдайте дистанцию строго,
И счастливою будет дорога!
Останови машину тут:
пусть люди выйдут и войдут!
Любой дорожный знак для вас-
Путеводитель и приказ!
Нарушая правила, водители,
Вы себе и людям не вредите ли?
Будь с Госстрахом дружен:
Он шоферам нужен!
Притормози и не спеши,
Когда шагают малыши!
Веди осторожно машину вперед,
Когда на дороге сплошной гололед!.

Conclusion:

Today we have done a lot and known a lot about the Highway Code of Russia for pedestrians, we have heard the reports about the history of the Highway Code and we have compared it with the British one. I think this lesson is of great importance for all of us! You will have marks for your work on the lesson and for your home test as well. Thank you for the lesson!

Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам

Департамент образования города Москвы

(ГБПОУ КАТ № 9)

МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ УРОКОВ

УСТНАЯ ТЕМА “TRAFIC RULES”

Преподаватель английского языка

При обучении иностранному языку в колледже предусматривается и осуществляется профессионально-ориентированное обучение будущих специалистов. Его назначение – заложить основы практического владения иностранным языком в своей профессии. Все упражнения и задания построены на знакомом грамматическом материале для активного овладения лексическим минимумом профессиональной направленности. Итогом каждой темы блока является умение учащихся вести беседу на элементарном уровне и умение составить диалоги, краткий рассказ по данной теме. Весь материал пособия носит информативный характер, что повышает мотивацию изучения английского языка профессиональной

направленности. Использование данного материала на занятиях повышает мотивацию студентов к обучению, их образовательный потенциал, что, в свою очередь, способствует повышению качества профессиональной подготовки.

УСТНАЯ ТЕМА “ TRAFFIC RULES ”

Упражнение 1. Прочтите и переведите интернациональные слова:

Direction, international, regulations, indicators, signal, manoeuvre, special, service, intensity, stop, limit.

Упражнение 2. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на значение суффиксов:

To rely – reliable – reliability; danger – dangerous; manoeuvre – manoeuvrable – manoenvrability; care – careful – careless; visible – visibility; safe – safety.

Упражнение 3. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и постарайтесь их запомнить:

To take into consideration

The right-hand side

The left-hand side

To forbid (forbade, forbidden)

To be responsible for

To conduct (a car)

Complete turn, U-turn ,

Special service cars

-- вести, управлять машиной

-- правила дорожного движения

-- движение транспорта, проезд,

-- встречное движение транспорта

-- принимать во внимание

-- ряд, полоса дороги (для

-- быть ответственным за …

-- руль, рулевое колесо

-- вести, управлять ( машиной)

-- изменить (позицию в ряду)

Упражнение 4. Прочтите и переведите текст:.

“ TRAFFIC RULES ”

Traffic regulations are international nowadays. But special regulations valid for one country only are also to be taken into consideration.

Traffic in Russia is on the right-hand side of streets and roads with the traffic way wide enough for several cars moving abreast in on direction. It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free.

The driver should be responsible for the condition of his car, and in particular the reliability of his brakes, the steering, the tires and the lights and indicators on his car.

The driver should conduct the car he is driving in such a manner as not to cause the danger to, or obstruct, the movements of another machine, be alert and keep to the route he is driving on

While driving in traffic, the driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights, and also comply with the orders of traffic inspectors.

Before making a left or right turn, a complete turn, accelerating, stopping, or making other manoeuvres which may alter his position in the lane, the driver must give warning by signaling not less then five seconds before he starts the particular manoeuvre.

Careful attention must be paid to warning signals of special service cars (fire engines, ambulances, etc.) which have the right of way.

The speed is regulated by the driver according to the condition of the road on which he is driving, visibility and also the intensity of traffic and the number of pedestrians. Upon the slightest warning of danger, he must lower his speed or stop the car.

The speed limit in cities, town and villages is 60 km an hour. On some roads speed limit is increased up to 80 km as shown by the corresponding sign..

It is forbidden to pass the car in front by driving in the lanes of the oncoming traffic, at road or street crossings and pedestrian crossings, on bridges and also before warning signs.

It is forbidden to stop on left-hand side of street or road, except in narrow streets where vehicular traffic from both directions passes along a single lane.

There exist some other traffic regulations and rules, if you observe them carefully you are safe on the road.

Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

1. Is traffic in Russia on the left-hand side?

2. Should the driver be responsible for the condition of his car?

3. What must the driver observe while driving in traffic?

4. What is the speed limit in cities?

5. What is it forbidden to do conducting the car?

Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы:

Before driving a car, a person is to pass a driving test and get a driving licence.

If you failed a driving text, you have to take it once more.

The driver should be responsible for the condition of his car.

The driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights.

Careful attention must be paid to warning signals of special service cars.

Upon the slightest warning of danger, the driver must lower his speed or stop the car.

Упражнение 7. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

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Ex. 2p. 76 Make noise Keep pets Get permission Move the furniture Barefoot Remove Take inside Stay Exam

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Ex.3 p. 76 True or False? 7. Students can give food to the animals in the outdoor areas. 9. Guests can stay for a week.

Do ex. 5 p. 77 Can – могу, разрешение Can’t – не могу, запрет Must – должен, обязательно Mustn’t – не должен, запрещено

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Содержание

RULES OF THE ROAD

BEING A GOOD PEDESTRIAN AND SAFE CYCLIST

Слайд 2

READ THE WORDS

pedestrian – пешеход road sign – дорожный знак pavement – тротуар path, pathway – тропинка, дорожка to cross – переходить subway – подземный переход footbridge – пешеходный мостик kerb – край тротуара shoulder – обочина strip – лента, полоса to overtake – обогнать file – ряд, колонна trafficlights – светофор to brake – тормозить to release – освободить, отпустить railway crossing without bar – железнодорожный переезд без шлагбаума

Слайд 3

BEING A GOOD PEDESTRIAN

There are many things you can do to be a safe pedestrian and stay safe on the street. Here are some rules for pedestrians: Find a safe place to crossthe road– if there is a subway, footbridge or crossing – use it! Look and listen carefully for traffic - cars could be coming from any direction.

Слайд 4

If traffic is coming, let it go past - do not cross until there is a safe gap and you have plenty of time to cross safely. When it is safe, go straight across the road - do not run and keep looking and listening carefully as you cross the road. Stop just before you get to the kerb-make sure you can see clearly, but don’t get too close to the road.

Слайд 5

Always walk in the middle of the pavement- so that if you lose your balance you won’t fall into the road. If there is no pavement – walk on the shoulder of the road facing on-coming traffic. Walk one behind the other. At night always wear white or light-colouredclothing and reflective materials or strips.

Слайд 6

Look at these next pictures. Who is crossing the road safely and who is crossing the road dangerously? Can you explain what these characters are doing wrong?

Слайд 7

Слайд 8

Слайд 9

Слайд 10

Exercise 1

Complete this story by filling the blank spaces with the correct word from the list. Dark, roads, school, reflective, pavement, safely, pedestrian crossing Inez is walking to school with her friend Harry. They have had lessons in road safety at _ _ _ _ _ _ and know that to stay safe they should always walk on the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ wherever possible. They have to cross two busy _ _ _ _ _ on their journey but always make sure they cross _ _ _ _ _ _ at a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In winter when it is _ _ _ _ they wear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ clothing so that other road users can see them.

Слайд 11

Inez is walking to school with her friend Harry. They have had lessons in road safety at school and know that to stay safe they should always walk on the pavement wherever possible. They have to cross two busy roads on their journey but always make sure they cross safely at a pedestrian crossing. In winter when it is dark they wear reflective clothing so that other road users can see them.

Слайд 12

BEING A SAFE CYCLIST

There are many things you can do to be a safe cyclist, both before you set off and when you are riding.

Слайд 13

Wearing the right safety clothing when cycling is very important. Can everybody who wears a helmet when they ride their bike put their hands up?

Слайд 14

RULES FOR CYCLISTS

Try to use cycle paths wherever you can. If you cannot use a cycle path, ride carefully on the right-hand side of the road. Make sure that vehicles can overtake you but do not ride too close to the pavement. Always ride single file. Never ride with an MP3 player on.

Слайд 15

Never use your mobile phone when you are cycling. Remember: road signs and traffic signals apply to ALL road users – including you. Always wear a cycle helmet, even if you are not cycling on the road. Plan your route before you go, using cycle paths as much as possible.

Слайд 16

Exercise 2

Imagine you are riding your bicycle and you have to stop at the traffic lights. Put the following steps in the right order to stop safely. Slow down Brake See the red light Put your foot on the ground Release the brake lever

Слайд 17

Exercise 3. Try to match the correct meaning to each sign

No entry Cycle lane No turn right No cycling Route shared with pedestrians Railway crossing without bar 1_______ 2________ 3________ 4________ 5________ 6________

Слайд 18

QUICK QUIZ

1) When cycling you should always wear: a) A helmet b) Bright or reflective clothing c) Both of the above.

Слайд 19

2) If you have had training, where should you ride your bike? On a cycle path or the right hand side of the road In the middle of the road On the pavement

Слайд 20

3) What are these people doing wrong? Wearing helmets Cycling next to each other Wearing trainers

Слайд 21

4) What must you do before you go anywhere on your bike? Check your tyres and brakes Plan your route Both of the above

Слайд 22

5) What is this girl doing wrong? Listening to music Wearing a green jumper Smiling

Слайд 23

Well done everybody. Have fun cycling and stay safe!!