Definition of ict реферат

Обновлено: 03.07.2024

This is a general term that describes any technology that helps produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and / or disseminate information. IT merges computers with communication to make it information technology. Thus there are two main parts to Information technology:

•Computer Technology:This is a programmable and multiuse machine that accepts data – raw facts and figures an processes or manipulates it into information for future use. As the time advances the computer has seen its development in the following three directions

◦ Miniaturization: Computer is becoming smaller and smaller in size from the time it was invented with “ENIAC “ that was built using vacuum tubes which were later replaced by transistors and then by integrated circuits.

◦Speed : with the advent of miniaturization more hardware components are now accommodated in the system which work towards increasing the speed of the system.

◦Affordability : with the processor and its components costing less when compared what they were earlier has made the computer more affordable to the common man.

•Communication Technology: This is also called as telecommunication technology it consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communication over long distances.

The recent development in communication are :

◦Connectivity :this refers to connecting of computers by a communication line for the purpose of online information access or sharing peripheral devices.

◦Interactivity : This refers to two way communication where the user can respond to the information they receive and modify what the system is doing.

Multimedia :This refers to technology that presents media in more than one medium in a single integrated communication. For ex: Sound Video and Animation

With the combination of development in Computer and communication

This resulted in:

◦Convergence : The system has enabled the use of computer technology interdisciplinary .

◦Portability : computer are becoming more portable and mobile.

◦Personalization : creating the information tailored according to the needs of the user.

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. However, ICT has no universal definition, as "the concepts, methods and applications involved in ICT are constantly evolving on an almost daily basis. The broadness of ICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form, e.g. personal computers, digital television, email, robots. For clarity, Zuppo provided an ICT hierarchy where all levels of the hierarchy "contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications ". Skills Framework for the Information Age is one of many models for describing and managing competencies for ICT professionals for the 21st century.

Give a definition the role of ICTs in key sectors of society

ICT (information and communications technology - or technologies) is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning. ICTs are often spoken of in a particular context, such as ICTs in education, health care, or libraries.

Telecommunications

ICT is changing lives across the region. Farmers and fisher folk receive timely weather forecasts through their mobile phones, remote village schools connect to educational resources through internet -enabled computer labs, and citizens transact with their governments more efficiently through online systems. Most developed nations are also helping to expand telecommunication networks, provide shared ICT access facilities like Community e-Centers , and develop innovative and relevant ICT applications.

ICT in Education

ICT can improve the efficiency and quality of education at all levels. Information and Communication Technology can contribute to universal access to education, equity in education, the delivery of quality learning and teaching, teachers' professional development and more efficient education management, governance and administration. UNESCO takes a holistic and comprehensive approach to promoting ICT in education. Access, inclusion and quality are among the main challenges they can address. The Organization's Intersectral Platform for ICT in education focuses on these issues through the joint work of three of its sectors: Communication & Information, Education and Science

ICT in Public Sector Management

Researchers and scientists encourage governments to adopt both innovative approaches and modern technologies to promote good governance. This is done not just by shifting from manual, paper-based processes to automated systems, but also by creating new skills, building human and institutional capacity, and creating an enabling policy and regulatory environment to facilitate public sector reforms.

ICT in Health

ICT can be a powerful tool for improving health and related services. The projects related to this field are helping to improve dissemination of public health information, bridge the gap in consultation, diagnosis, and treatment between resource-rich and resource-poor hospitals, facilitate learning, enhance the ability to monitor diseases and other health issues, and make health administration more efficient.

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the digital world.

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WHAT IS ICT?

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components that enable modern computing.

Components of an ICT system

ICT encompasses both the internet-enabled sphere as well as the mobile one powered by wireless networks. It also includes antiquated technologies, such as landline telephones, radio and television broadcast -- all of which are still widely used today alongside cutting-edge ICT pieces such as artificial intelligence and robotics.

ICT is sometimes used synonymously with IT (for information technology); however, ICT is generally used to represent a broader, more comprehensive list of all components related to computer and digital technologies than IT.

The list of ICT components is exhaustive, and it continues to grow. Some components, such as computers and telephones, have existed for decades. Others, such as smartphones, digital TVs and robots, are more recent entries.

ICT commonly means more than its list of components, though. It also encompasses the application of all those various components. It's here that the real potential, power and danger of

ICT can be found.

ICT's societal and economic impact

ICT is leveraged for economic, societal and interpersonal transactions and interactions. ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live. Moreover, ICT continues to revolutionize all parts of the human experience as first computers and now robots do many of the tasks once handled by humans. For example, computers once answered phones and directed calls to the appropriate individuals to respond; now robots not only can answer the calls, but they can often more quickly and efficiently handle callers' requests for services.

ICT's importance to economic development and business growth has been so monumental, in fact, that it's credited with ushering in what many have labeled the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

ICT also underpins broad shifts in society, as individuals masse are moving from personal, face-to-face interactions to ones in the digital space. This new era is frequently termed the Digital Age.

For all its revolutionary aspects, though, ICT capabilities aren't evenly distributed. Simply put, richer countries and richer individuals enjoy more access and thus have a greater ability to seize on the advantages and opportunities powered by ICT. Consider, for example, some findings from the World Bank. In 2016, it stated that more than 75% of people worldwide have access to a cellphone. However, internet access through either mobile or fixed broadband remains prohibitively expensive in many countries due to a lack of ICT infrastructure. Furthermore, the World Bank estimated that out of the global population of 7.4 billion people, more than 4 billion don't have access to the internet. Additionally, it estimated that only 1.1 billion people have access to high-speed internet. In the United States and elsewhere, this discrepancy in access to ICT has created the so-called digital divide.

The World Bank, numerous governmental authorities and non-government organizations (NGOs) advocate policies and programs that aim to bridge the digital divide by providing greater access to ICT among those individuals and populations struggling to afford it.These various institutions assert that those without ICT capabilities are left out of the multiple opportunities and benefits that ICT creates and will therefore fall further behind in socio-economic terms.

The United Nations considers one of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to "significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020."

Economic advantages are found both within the ICT market as well as in the larger areas of business and society as a whole.

Within the ICT market, the advancement of ICT capabilities has made the development and delivery of various technologies cheaper for ICT vendors and their customers while also providing new market opportunities. For instance, telephone companies that once had to build and maintain miles of telephone lines have shifted to more advanced networking materials and can provide telephone, television and internet services; consumers now enjoy more choices in delivery and price points as a result.

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Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам

Lecture № 1

Key ICT development directions.ICT Standartization.Definition of ICT.

Subject of ICT and its objectives.

The objective of the lesson: To introduce role of ICT in key sectors of development of society

a) educational: To provide students with main terms as I nformation and communication technologies, ICT development , appropriate technology, innovative technologies.

b) developmental: to master professional and personal competencies of students that willenable the use of modern information technologies in various areas of professional activity, scientific and practical work, self-education and for other purposes.

c) pedagogical: to help to expand the outlook of students, improve their general culture and education.

At the end of the lesson students will

know: The basics of distance learning and ICT development prospects

be able to: Apply the methods and means of information protection

Introduction

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extended term forinformation technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Information and communications technologies (ICT) are a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.

Information Communications and Technology (ICT) is a term that refers to all the hardware and software that people use to send and receive information. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace, computers, phones and tablets make up the term ICT. Over the past few years, the ICT sector has grown substantially with a lot of new companies releasing new gadgets to improve how we communicate

Information and communication technologies for development ( ICT4D ) refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development, and human rights. The theory behind this is, more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society.

Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty, agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. This makes ICT4D appropriate technology, and if it is shared openly, open source appropriate technology. Richard Heeks suggests that the I in ICT4D is related with "library and information sciences", the C is associated with "communication studies", the T is linked with "information systems", and the D for "development studies". It is aimed at bridging the digital divide and assisting economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies, and it is a powerful tool for economic and social development. Other terms can also be used for "ICT4D" or "ICT4Dev" ("ICT for development") such as ICTD ("ICT and development", which is used in a broader sense) and development informatics.

ICT4D can refer to assisting disadvantaged populations anywhere in the world, but it is usually associated with applications in developing countries. It is concerned with directly applying information technology approaches to poverty reduction. ICTs can be applied directly, benefiting the disadvantaged population, or indirectly, by assisting aid organizations, non-governmental organizations, governments, and/or businesses, to improve socio-economic conditions. The field is an interdisciplinary research area, quickly growing through a number of conferences, workshops and publications, but there is a need for scientifically validated benchmarks and results, to measure the effectiveness of current projects. This field has also produced an informal community of technical and social science researchers who rose out of the annual ICT4D conferences.

One of the main objectives of the ICT sector is the creation of a digital transport medium to support the processes of information, modern telecommunications infrastructure and its integration with the infrastructure of other states. Therefore, the development of transit potential in the sphere of information technologies, the integration of national economies into the global environment and act as an important task and a priority infrastructure identified in the strategy.

In order to develop promising technology areas to move to the next phase of industrialization, the task of further development of the Park of innovative technologies as one of the leading countries of innovation clusters.

World experience of ICT development

Beginning in the 1980s, during the rise of the level of use of personal computers, as well as a consequence of increased demand for software products and completing formation of the different approaches of state policy towards the development of the ICT sector. Next, the transition to digital telecommunications in the 1990s and the subsequent formation of the Internet, the impetus to promote the further development of ICT in the world.

A lot of approaches to ICT development conventionally divided into two directions: the first - the development of ICT production and services (computers, software, devices, telecommunications and others.), In order to increase output and to strengthen ICT industry - "ICT as a manufacturing sector "; the second - the introduction of ICTs in different sectors of the economy, to maximize the information society and economy - "ICT as a tool of information society." Within these two areas can be classified in the following levels of strategic approaches: the development of the ICT sector, export-oriented; ICT sector development, oriented to the domestic market; approach global positioning; ICT as a tool for social and economic development . Consider these approaches on country practices.

In modern society ICT is ever-present, with over three billion people having access to the Internet. With approximately 8 out of 10 Internet users owning a smartphone, information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds. This rapid growth, especially in developing countries, has led ICT to become a keystone of everyday life, in which life without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work and routine tasks dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows "that Internet use continues to grow steadily, at 6.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed countries, 8.7% in the developing world); the number of Internet users in developing countries has doubled in five years (2009-2014), with two thirds of all people online now living in the developing world.

Favorably, the gap between the access to the Internet and mobile coverage has decreased substantially in the last fifteen years, in which "2015 is the deadline for achievements of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which global leaders agreed upon in the year 2000, and the new data show ICT progress and highlight remaining gaps."[20] ICT continues to take on new form, with nanotechnology set to usher in a new wave of ICT electronics and gadgets. ICT newest editions into the modern electronic world include smart watches, such as the Apple Watch, smart wristbands such as the Nike+ FuelBand, and smart TVs such as Google TV. With desktops soon becoming part of a bygone era, and laptops becoming the preferred method of computing, ICT continues to insinuate and alter itself in the ever-changing globe.

Maximizing Mobile // 2012 Information and Communications for Development. World Bank, Washington D.C., 2012, 244 p.

Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications (6 Volumes). 2008, pages: 4288

The purpose of studying this discipline - to train students and other categories of students is using of modern computer information technology as a tool which solves scientific and practical problems in their subject area at a high professional level, as well as to participate in the development and implementation of these technologies in the framework of corporate information systems level setting objectives and monitoring of the decision that is so necessary for the modern manager.

As a result the course of discipline students must:

• be aware the technical support of modern information technology, especially its organization and operation, its prospects for development;

• familiar with the mathematical, software, organizational and other kinds of computer software in-information technologies;

• gain an understanding the development of computer information technology in their subject area;

• learn to use modern means of computer technologies in solving problems in their subject area;

• be able to navigate and search information on the INTERNET;

• be able to work with the electronic services and INTERNET network services.

Collection of lectures include learning of such packets as MS Office, SQL and etc. The usage of the methodical instructions allows you to consider the main possibilities of the most popular programs on operation with computer programms.

Lecture №1. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society. Standards in the field of ICT.

Purpose: To prepare students using of modern computer information technology.

Plan:

1.Definition of ICT. Subject ICT and its purposes. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society.

2.Standards in the field of ICT. Communication between ICT and achievement of the objectives of a sustainable development in the Millennium Declaration.

1.Definition of ICT. Subject ICT and its purposes. An ICT role in key sectors of development of society.

Under the information and communication technologies is offered to understand the complex objects, actions, and rules relating to the preparation, processing and delivery of information at the personal, mass communication and production, as well as all technologies and sectors, providing integrated these processes.

To date, the concept of IT includes microelectronics, development and production of computers and software, connection and telephony, mobile services, providing Internet access, providing information resources of the Internet, as well as a variety of cultural phenomena associated with these areas of activity and rules (both formal and informal) that govern these areas of activity.

ICT Tools

By means of modern information and communication technologies to understand the software, firmware and hardware, as well as devices that operate on the basis of a microprocessor, computer technology, as well as modern facilities and broadcast of information systems, information exchange, ensuring operation for the collection, the production, accumulation, storage, processing, communication and access to information resources of computer networks (including global).

By means of modern information and communication technologies include computers, PC, terminal equipment kits for computers of all classes, local area networks, the input-output device information input means and manipulation of text and graphic information, means of archiving large volumes of information, and other peripheral equipment modern COMPUTER; means for converting data from the graphics or audio data to digital representation and vice versa; tools and devices to manipulate audiovisual information (on the basis of technology and Multimedia "Virtual Reality"); artificial intelligence system; computer graphics system, programming systems (programming languages, compilers, compilers, operating systems, software packages, etc..), modern means of communication, providing information user interaction both at the local level (for example, within a single organization or multiple organizations) and global (as part of the global information environment).

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Plan: I. Introduction II. Main part 1. ICT definition. The subject of ICT and its objectives. The role of ICT in the development of society. 2. Standards in the field of ICT. Communication between ICT and achievement of the objectives of a sustainable development in the Millennium Declaration. 3. ICT in Key Sectors: Telecommunications Public Sector Management Education Health Agriculture and Food Security III. Conclusion

Introduction Head of the state, Nursultan Nazarbayev, initiated a Nation plan "100 specific steps", oriented to production modernization, increasing of investment activity, prevention of reduced income and creating new vacancies. All this will promote employment of population, including ICT field. This means that, ICT is very common in the modern world. And everyone should know the subject and purpose of the industry.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) - a set of methods, workflows and software and hardware tools that are integrated with the aim of collecting, processing, storage, distribution, display and use of information for the benefit of its members Information and communication technologies (ICT) - a set of methods, workflows and software and hardware tools that are integrated with the aim of collecting, processing, storage, distribution, display and use of information for the benefit of its members To date, the concept of IT includes microelectronics, development and production of computers and software, connection and telephony, mobile services, providing Internet access, providing information resources of the Internet, as well as a variety of cultural phenomena associated with these areas of activity and rules (both formal and informal) that govern these areas of activity.

The potential of ICT as a development tool rests on its ability to improve the way people do things. The rapid changes and advancements in modern technology present a unique opportunity for developing countries to leapfrog intermediate steps in development while improving the quality and broadening the reach of public services. The strategic and effective use of ICT—combined with a reform-oriented mindset, necessary set of skills, institutional structure and capacity, appropriate business models, as well as policy and regulatory environments—can facilitate fast and efficient delivery of public services in key sectors.

ICT-standards system - a set of normative and technical and regulatory guidance documents, including a set of interrelated standards and other documents in the field of standardization related to ICT, documents defining the methodology of development, coordination, approval, modification, deployment, use and replacement, including a methodology to assess facilities for compliance with these standards and other documents in the field of standardization.

ICT industry - as a specific field of activity, which includes research, creation, development, evaluation, procurement, acquisition, implementation, operation and utilization of ICTs. It covers thus work as a developer and ICT suppliers and customers and users of ICT, including the activities for the implementation, operation and utilization of ICTs.

Industry Standard (IS) - standard related to processes, products and other aspects of a particular field of activity (whether commercial or not aimed at profit). In this document, under the industry standard it refers to a standard or other document in the field of standardization, designed for the use of ICT. The procedure for the development and application of established IS specialized body of public administration.

Standard - a document in the field of standardization, standardization of relevant principles, covering categories such documents as the standard of organization, the standard non-profit association, the industry standard or set of rules (the industry), the national standard, international standard.

International standard - a standard adopted by an international organization. National standard - a standard adopted by a national authority of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Standardization. Non-profit association Standard - a standard non-profit professional organization (union, association, etc.), designed for wide application by different stakeholders. The order of development of the standard and non-profit association established this association and is harmonized with the state and industry standards development orders.

Organization Standard - a standard developed and approved by the organization itself, based on the necessity of its use to improve production and quality assurance of products, works and services, as well as for the dissemination and use of knowledge in different fields of research results (the test), measurement and development.

Telecommunications ADB support for telecommunications and ICT is changing lives across the region. Farmers and fisher folk receive timely weather forecasts through their mobile phones, remote village schools connect to educational resources through internet -enabled computer labs, and citizens transact with their governments more efficiently through online systems. ADB is also helping to expand telecommunication networks, provide shared ICT access facilities like Community e-Centers (CeCs), and develop innovative and relevant ICT applications.

ICT in Education ICT can improve the efficiency and quality of education at all levels. Part of ADB's strategy to support its education policy principles is promoting "experimentation with, and dissemination of, innovative strategies and technologies in education." This involves developing appropriate e-applications to help DMCs leapfrog conventional means of learning and teaching . For example, Uzbekistan’s Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project, supported by a $30-million ADB loan, is bringing education to remote rural areas and benefiting 540,000 students.

ICT in Public Sector Management ADB encourages governments to adopt both innovative approaches and modern technologies to promote good governance. This is done not just by shifting from manual, paper-based processes to automated systems, but also by creating new skills, building human and institutional capacity, and creating an enabling policy and regulatory environment to facilitate public sector reforms.

ICT in Health ICT can be a powerful tool for improving health and related services. ADB projects are helping to improve dissemination of public health information, bridge the gap in consultation, diagnosis, and treatment between resource-rich and resource-poor hospitals, facilitate learning, enhance the ability to monitor diseases and other health issues, and make health administration more efficient.

ICT in Agriculture and Food Security ADB’s ICT efforts are raising agricultural productivity and the quality of life of farmers and the rural poor by improving information flows, communication, and access to reliable, up-to-date information. This enables strategic decision-making by farmers and prevents or mitigates losses caused by natural disasters.

Conclusion Over time, emphasis on technology-dominated structures should be lessened and ICT should be highlighted more. ICT are people who understand and have expertise on both the technicalities of ICT and the intricacies of development.

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