Basic concepts internet реферат

Обновлено: 28.06.2024

Презентация на тему: " INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES. И НТЕРНЕТ - ТЕХНОЛОГИИ Lection 9." — Транскрипт:

1 INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES. И НТЕРНЕТ - ТЕХНОЛОГИИ Lection 9

4 INTERNET a world system of interconnected computer networks, built on the use of IP Protocol and routing of data packets всемирная система объединённых компьютерных сетей, построенная на использовании протокола IP и маршрутизации пакетов данных

5 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET DateEvent 1957Idea about a reliable system of information transmission 1969ARPANET appeared First ARPANET server First communication session

6 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET DateEvent 1971First program 1973Network became international 1983TCP/IP 1984DNS

7 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET DateEvent 1984NSFNet appeared 1988IRC protocol 1989WWW 1990ARPANET stopped to exist

8 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET DateEvent 1990First dialup access 1991WWW became available in the Internet 1993First browser NCSA Mosaic 1995Routing all traffic is now engaged in network providers companies

9 WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) a distributed system that provides access to related documents located on different computers connected to the Internet распределенная система, предоставляющая доступ к связанным между собой документам, расположенным на различных компьютерах, подключенных к Интернету

10 HYPERLINK some of the file element of the web page usually allocated by color or by underlining, which is the starting point to navigate to the another web pages. обычно выделяемый цветом или с помощью подчеркивания какой-то элемент файла веб- страницы, который является исходным пунктом перехода на другие веб-страницы.

11 WEB-PAGE a computer file created using a special hypertext markup language HTML компьютерный файл, созданный с использованием специального языка гипертекстовой разметки HTML

12 WEB-SITE collection of web pages, which are united by some principle собрание веб-страниц, которые объединены по какому-то принципу

14 UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER (URI) a sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource последовательность символов, идентифицирующая абстрактный или физический ресурс

16 UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL) URI that, in addition to identifying a resource, provides information on the location of this resource URI, который, помимо идентификации ресурса, предоставляет ещё и информацию о местонахождении этого ресурса

17 UNIFORM RESOURCE NAME (URN) URI, that only identify a resource in a certain namespace URI, который только идентифицирует ресурс в определённом пространстве имён

20 DNS client DNS server DNS

21 DNS SERVER special software for DNS service специализированное ПО для обслуживания DNS

22 DNS CLIENT special library (or program) for work with DNS специализированная библиотека (или программа) для работы с DNS

23 DOMAIN a node in the tree of names, together with all subordinate nodes узел в дереве имён, вместе со всеми подчинёнными ему узлами

28 DHTML HTML JavaScript CSS DOM

29 HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE ( HTML ) standardized markup language for documents on the world wide web. стандартизированный язык разметки документов во Всемирной паутине.

30 J AVA S CRIPT programming language that adds interactivity to the web site язык программирования, который добавляет интерактивность на веб- сайт

32 CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS) technology of description of the appearance of a document executed by the markup language технология описания внешнего вида документа, оформленного языком разметки

34 DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL (DOM) a software interface that allows programs and scripts to access the contents of the HTML document and change the content, structure and execution of such documents. это программный интерфейс, позволяющий программам и скриптам получить доступ к содержимому HTML документов, а также изменять содержимое, структуру и оформление таких документов.

35 1965Program MAIL for operating system CTSS 1971Mail program for transfer of information across a distributed network 1972, MarchStart of 1972, JulyProgram for easier work with 1975First all-inclusive mail program 1989Connection between the commercial mail services and the Internet

37 MESSAGE FORMAT HEAD BODY

38 H EAD OF THE SMTP P ROTOCOL Name of the sending hostAddress of the senderAddress of the recipientAddress of the copy recipientAddress of the blind copy recipient

39 S IMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL ( SMTP )

40 PROGRAMS FOR Mail Delivery Agent Mail User Agent Mail Transfer Agent

41 P OST O FFICE P ROTOCOL V ERSION 3 POP3

42 INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL IMAP

43 CONCLUSION URI for identification of the web resources CSS for style of HTML documents JavaScript for interaction of user and web-srever IMAP, POP3 protocols for receiving mail

1. INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES. Интернет-технологии

2. contents

3. СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

4. INTERNET

a
world system of interconnected
computer networks, built on the
use of IP Protocol and routing of
data packets
всемирная
система объединённых
компьютерных сетей, построенная на
использовании протокола IP и
маршрутизации пакетов данных

5. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Date
Event
1957
Idea about a reliable system of
information transmission
ARPANET appeared
1969
02.09.1969 First ARPANET server
29.10.1969 First communication session

6. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

7. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

8. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

Date
Event
1990
First dialup access
1991
WWW became available in the
Internet
First browser NCSA Mosaic
1993
1995
Routing all traffic is now
engaged in network providers
companies

9. WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

a
distributed system that provides access
to related documents located on different
computers connected to the Internet
распределенная система,
предоставляющая доступ к связанным
между собой документам, расположенным
на различных компьютерах,
подключенных к Интернету

10. hyperlink

HYPERLINK
some
of the file element of the web
page usually allocated by color or by
underlining, which is the starting
point to navigate to the another web
pages.
обычно выделяемый цветом или с помощью
подчеркивания какой-то элемент файла вебстраницы, который является исходным
пунктом перехода на другие веб-страницы.

11. WEB-PAGE

a
computer file created using a
special hypertext markup
language HTML
компьютерный
файл, созданный с
использованием специального
языка гипертекстовой разметки
HTML

12. WEB-SITE

collection
of web pages,
which are united by some
principle
собрание
веб-страниц, которые
объединены по какому-то принципу

13. WEB-SERVER

14. UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER (URI)

a
sequence of characters that
identifies an abstract or
physical resource
последовательность
символов,
идентифицирующая абстрактный
или физический ресурс

16. UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL)

URI
that, in addition to
identifying a resource, provides
information on the location of
this resource
URI,
который, помимо
идентификации ресурса,
предоставляет ещё и информацию о
местонахождении этого ресурса

17. UNIFORM RESOURCE NAME (URN)

URI,
that only identify a
resource in a certain namespace
URI,
который только
идентифицирует ресурс в
определённом пространстве имён

19. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM, DNS

21. DNS SERVER

22. DNS CLIENT

special
library (or program) for
work with DNS
специализированная библиотека (или программа) для
работы с DNS

23. DOMAIN

a
node in the tree of names,
together with all subordinate
nodes
узел
в дереве имён, вместе со
всеми подчинёнными ему узлами

24. SUBDOMAIN

25. HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL

29. HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (html)

HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)
standardized
markup language for
documents on the world wide web.
стандартизированный
язык разметки
документов во Всемирной паутине.

30. JavaScript

JAVASCRIPT
programming
language that adds
interactivity to the web site
язык
программирования, который
добавляет интерактивность на вебсайт

31. AJAX

32. CASCADING STYLE SHEETS (CSS)

technology
of description of the
appearance of a document executed
by the markup language
технология
описания внешнего вида
документа, оформленного языком
разметки

34. DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL (DOM)

a
software interface that allows programs
and scripts to access the contents of the
HTML document and change the content,
structure
and
execution
of
such
documents.
это
программный
интерфейс,
позволяющий
программам и скриптам получить доступ к
содержимому HTML документов, а также изменять
содержимое, структуру и оформление таких
документов.

35. E-MAIL

1965
Program MAIL for operating system
CTSS
1971
Mail program for transfer of
information across a distributed
network
1972, March Start of using @
1972, July
Program for easier work with e-mail
1975
First “all-inclusive” mail program
1989
Connection between the commercial
mail services and the Internet

36. E-MAIL

37. E-MAIL MESSAGE FORMAT

38. Head of the SMTP Protocol

HEAD OF THE SMTP PROTOCOL
Name of the sending host
Address of the sender
Address of the recipient
Address of the copy recipient
Address of the blind copy recipient

39. Simple mail transfer protocol (smtp)

40. PROGRAMS FOR EMAIL

41. Post Office Protocol Version 3 POP3

42. INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL IMAP

43. CONCLUSION

URI
for identification of the web
resources
CSS for style of HTML documents
JavaScript for interaction of user and
web-srever
IMAP, POP3 protocols for receiving
mail

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Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment.

It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet switching network already survived a war. It was the Iraqi computer network, which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply.

If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled - but inexpensive - Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. It is possible to get into any of computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many strong encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. "in the clear". But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful.

Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems, which will take time to be resolved.

Краткое описание документа:

Интернет начал действовать в 1969 году в США, как военный эксперимент. Это глобальная компьютерная сеть, которая охватывает миллионы пользователей во всём мире.

В презентации раскрываются все возможности Интернета и подчёркивается тот факт ,что нельзя представить современную жизнь без него.

Examples: Mail, phone system, conversations, railroad system, highways and roads.

The Internet is a collection of computers, networked together throughout the world, and communicating with each other through a common language called TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

The various programs you use recognize TCP/IP, and if everything is set up correctly, and the computer is correctly connected to the Internet.

A browser is a software program which helps users to view internet sites and explore content on the WorldWideWeb. These pieces of content, including pictures, videos, and webpages, are connected using hyperlinks.

There have been many different web browsers that have come and gone over the years. Popular web browsers are Internet Explore, Google Chrome, Mozila Firefox, Opera, Yandex and etc.

A search engine is a software program available through the Internet that searches documents and files for key words and returns the results of any files containing those key words. Today, there are thousands of different search engines available on the Internet, each with their own abilities and features. Today, the most popular and well-known search engines are Google, Yandex, Youtube, Rambler, Wikipedia and etc.

For users, a search engine is accessed through a browser on their computer, smartphone, tablet, or another device.

A domain name is a unique name that identifies a website. For example, the domain name of our University is "ayu.edu.kz" Each website has a domain name that serves as an address, which is used to access the website.

The domain code identifies the type of organization. For example:

.edu educational institution

.gov government of a nation

A domain name canbe a maximum of sixty-three characters with one character minimum, and is entered after the protocol in the URL, as you can see in the following example.

An IP address consists of four numbers, each of which contains one to three digits, with a single dot (.) separating each number or set of digits. Each of the four numbers can range from 0 to 255. Here's an example of what an IP address might look like: 78.125.0.209.IP addresses can be either static or dynamic.

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