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Обновлено: 04.07.2024

A major question in modern architecture is how construction technology plays into architectural form. Does construction technology validate a building as modern architecture? Can modern architecture exist without construction technology? My answer to both questions is no. This paper will analyze modern architecture and the role technology plays in creating it. Examining the Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe will help support my claim.

Architecture exists as a fingerprint of the society from which it grows. It is a physical, spatial, experiential interpretation of realities we’ve created around us. Technology is what our present world revolves around so of course it plays a prime role in modern architecture. But the presence of construction technology does not render as architecture until the form it creates has evolved past a mere physical entity into an experiential existence. I have chosen the Farnsworth House because it is one of the purest forms of modern architecture I know today. The energy behind Mies van der Rohe’s work is free from restraints of a specific order, lead only by structural clarity and simplicity. One of his most famous statements, ‘less is more’, is backed up in full by the Farnsworth house.

The House consists of parallel floor and ceiling planes measuring 29×77 feet, sandwiching a steel skeleton enclosed by a continuous glass-plane skin. This is levitated five feet above ground by eight face-mounted H-section columns extending to the roof edge. A smaller terrace plane is placed asymmetrically to the side. This levitates between the house floor and the ground via six H-section column stubs, two of which are shared with the house. The exterior floor planes are made of gravel filled steel drain pans topped by open-jointed paving. Interior floor and roof are steel framed. Welds are ground smooth and then painted white. Other than a free individually symmetrical structure placed just off-center, the interior plan is open letting light travel completely through the structure.

A perfect balance of symmetry and asymmetry is created through these pieces. Ornamentation does not exist, as his goal is to emphasize architectonic qualities without the ‘fluff’ – no distractions. Every element of the structure is constructed to craftsman quality. Everything from the manufactured beams to the method of connecting the pieces is absolutely modern. The application of these simple modern construction methods allowed this architectural creation to exist. This is where construction technology evolved into architecture. The levitation, continuous planes of glass, and minimalist organization of the interior all contribute to a sense of weightlessness and connection to the surrounding nature. Each line and plane is created specifically for this piece of architecture. Having absolutely no formal relation to previously composed architectural orders and with its key focus toward spatial definition, abstraction, and proportions, the Farnsworth house is emphatically modern.

The Farnsworth house demonstrates the harmonization of form, function, and construction into a successful architectural existence. I often see buildings today whose design is blinded by practicality. Even while they incorporate very similar construction technology, there design goes no further than filling a need for particular space, leaving the point of architecture off of the pallet. Construction technology lets us build pretty much whatever we want; kind of like a synthesizer lets a musician create sounds that where never possible before. With that next level of construction in our reach we’ve been able to reach the next level of the architectural experience and expression.

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MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS Выполнил: Ахмедов Дмитрий Артурович С-43 Специальность: строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений

CONTENT Clinker bricks Penoplex Liquid rubber CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

Clinker bricks Clinker brick doesn’t contain chemical impurities in its composition, and consists only of water and clay with the addition of dyes. This is another advantage of such a facing material, it is natural and environmentally friendly.

Penoplex is an extruded polystyrene foam board with a very low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which resistants to various loads, moisture-resistant, frost-resistant, with a high level of noise insulation and fire-resistance. Penoplex has a very wide range of applications in insulation and sound insulation. Penoplex

Liquid rubber When using liquid rubber, the risk of water leakage through the roof is completely eliminated. The coating is applied by spraying in a continuous uniform layer. A distinctive feature when using liquid rubber is the possibility of its use on roofs with any configuration, as well as from any materials - concrete or wood.

CONCLUSION Based on what was written earlier, we can conclude about the great advantages of new building materials in the construction industry. A modern approach in construction technology reduces the time and effort for building erection

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"Building material" состоит из 15 слайдов: лучшая powerpoint презентация на эту тему с анимацией находится здесь! Вам понравилось? Оцените материал! Загружена в 2018 году.

Содержание

Building material

Слайд 2

Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, thatchand wood, even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings.

Слайд 3

Mud and clayClay based buildings usually come in two distinct types. One being when the walls are made directly with the mud mixture, and the other being walls built by stacking air-dried building blocks or bricks.Other uses of clay in building is combined with straws to create light clay, wattle and daub, and mud plaster

Слайд 4

StoneorrockRock structures have existed for as long as history can recall. It is the longest lasting building material available, and is usually readily available. There are many types of rock throughout the world, all with differing attributes that make them better or worse for particular uses. Rock is a very dense material so it gives a lot of protection too; its main drawback as a material is its weight and awkwardness. Its energdensity is also considered a big drawback, as stone is hard to keep warm without using large amounts of heating resources.

Слайд 5

SandSand is used with cement, and sometimes lime, to make mortar for masonrywork and plaster. Sand is also used as a part of the concrete mix. An important low-cost building material in countries with high sand content soils is the Sandcrete block, which is weaker but cheaper than fired clay bricks.

Слайд 6

ThatchThatch is one of the oldest of building materials known; grass is a good insulator and easily harvested. Many African tribes have lived in homes made completely of grasses and sand year-round. In Europe, thatch roofs on homes were once prevalent but the material fell out of favor as industrialization and improved transport increased the availability of other materials. Today, though, the practice is undergoing a revival. In the Netherlands, for instance, many new buildings have thatched roofs with special ridge tiles on top.

Слайд 7

WoodandtimberWood is a product of trees, and sometimes other fibrous plants, used for construction purposes when cut or pressed into lumber and timber, such as boards, planks and similar materials. It is a generic building material and is used in building just about any type of structure in most climates. Wood can be very flexible under loads, keeping strength while bending, and is incredibly strong when compressed vertically

The Gliwice Radio Tower (the second tallest wooden structure in the world) in Poland (2012).

Слайд 8

Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic.

Слайд 9

FiredbricksandclayblocksBricks are made in a similar way to mud-bricks except without the fibrous binder such as straw and are fired ("burned" in a brick clampor kiln) after they have air-dried to permanently harden them. Kiln fired clay bricks are a ceramic material. The individual bricks are placed upon each other in courses using mortar. Successive courses being used to build up walls, arches, and other architectural elements. Building with brick gained much popularity in the mid-18th century and 19th centuries. This was due to lower costs with increases in brick manufacturing and fire-safety in the ever crowding cities.

Слайд 10

ConcreteCement bonded composites are made of hydrated cement paste that binds wood, particles, or fibers to make pre-cast building components. Various fiberous materials, including paper, fiberglass, and carbon-fiber have been used as binders

Слайд 11

FoamRecently, synthetic polystyrene or polyurethane foam has been used in combination with structural materials, such as concrete. It is lightweight, easily shaped, and an excellent insulator. Foam is usually used as part of a structural insulated panel, wherein the foam is sandwiched between wood or cement or insulating concrete forms.

Слайд 12

MetalMetalis used as structural framework for larger buildings such as skyscrapers, or as an external surface covering. There are many types of metals used for building. Metal figures quite prominently in prefabricated structures such as the Quonset hut, and can be seen used in most cosmopolitan cities. It requires a great deal of human labor to produce metal, especially in the large amounts needed for the building industries

Слайд 13

PlasticsThe term "plastics" covers a range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be molded or extruded into objects, films, or fibers. Their name is derived from the fact that in their semi-liquid state they are malleable, or have the property of plasticity. Plastics vary immensely in heat tolerance, hardness, and resiliency. Combined with this adaptability, the general uniformity of composition and lightness of plastics ensures their use in almost all industrial applications today.

Слайд 14

VOCABULARYTimber -лесоматериалыconcrete - бетонsteel - стальlime - известьstone - каменьbrick - кирпичsand - писокfinesаnd- мелкий писокmortar - минометрplaster – штукатуркаmetal – металplastics – пластикfoam – пена

Слайд 15

Названия стройматериалов на английском языке с переводом

Floor tile — напольная плитка
Asphalt shingle — рубероидная кровельная плитка
Wood shingle — древесная щепа, кровельная дранка
Foam insulation — строительная монтажная пена
Fiberglass insulation — изоляция из стекловолокна
Cement — цемент
Plaster — штукатурка
Particle board — ДСП
Perforated hardboard — перфорированный оргалит
Wood — дерево
Plywood — фанера
Plasterboard — штукатурная плита
Metal lath — металлическая сетка
Flooring — пол
Ceiling tile — потолочная плитка

floor tile	flɔː taɪl	напольная плитка
asphalt shingle	ˈæsfælt ˈʃɪŋɡl̩	рубероидная кровельная плитка
wood shingle	wʊd ˈʃɪŋɡl̩	древесная щепа, кровельная дранка
foam insulation	fəʊm ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃn̩	строительная монтажная пена
fiberglass insulation	ˈfaɪbərˌɡlæs ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃn̩	изоляция из стекловолокна
cement	sɪˈment	цемент
plaster	ˈplɑːstə	штукатурка
particle board	ˈpɑːtɪkl̩ bɔːd	ДСП
perforated hardboard	ˈpɜːfəreɪtɪd ˈhɑːdbɔːd	перфорированный оргалит
wood	wʊd	дерево
plywood	ˈplaɪwʊd	фанера
plasterboard	ˈplɑːstəbɔːd	штукатурная плита
metal lath	ˈmetl̩ lɑːθ	металлическая сетка
flooring	ˈflɔːrɪŋ	пол
ceiling tile	ˈsiːlɪŋ taɪl	потолочная плитка

Материал скомпонован профессиональными экспертами в области изучения языка и для удобства восприятия сведён в табличный вид, содержащий перевод и транскрипцию.

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