Стивен хокинг на английском доклад
Обновлено: 21.05.2024
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Stephen William Hawking
Stephen William Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 (300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. Stephen wanted to study Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he pursued Physics instead. After three years and not very much work, he was awarded a first class honours degree in Natural Science.
Stephen then went on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow and later on a Professorial Fellow. After leaving the Institute of Astronomy in 1973, Stephen came to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in 1979, and held the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1979 until 2009. Stephen is still an active part of Cambridge University and retains an office at the Department for Applied Maths and Theoretical Physics. His title is now Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology.
Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated that it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but rather should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.
Stephen Hawking has three popular books published; his best seller A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, The Universe in a Nutshell, and most recently in 2010, The Grand Design.
Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honour in 1989. He has many awards, medals and prizes, is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.
Stephen was diagnosed with ALS, a form of Motor Neurone Disease, shortly after his 21st birthday. In spite of being wheelchair bound and dependent on a computerised voice system for communication Stephen Hawking continues to combine family life (he has three children and three grandchildren), and his research into theoretical physics together with an extensive programme of travel and public lectures. He still hopes to make it into space one day.
I want to tell you about a very famous scientist - Stephen Hawking. He was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist.
He was born in 1942 in England and died in 2018. I was sorry to hear this news. He was a very inspiring person, an example of how a disabled man can do so much for the whole humanity.
He was studying the laws by which the universe is governed. He managed to predict theoretically that black holes emit radiation. For his contribution to the theory of cosmology he received numerous awards.
Hawking was a public person. He put a lot of effort to explain scientific discoveries to a wide audience. He wrote books and essays, gave interviews, and participated in VT-shows.
The film about the scientist “The Theory of Everything” was made in 2014. This film shows what a brave, strong and dedicated woman his wife Jane was. Stephen's disease was diagnosed when he was 21, and doctors said he would live only a couple of years with his illness. But Jane wanted to marry him anyway.
As the motor neuron disease was progressing Hawking was losing his physical abilities: he had to use wheelchair and his speech deteriorated. He couldn’t even get dressed without assistance. For a long time they couldn’t afford to hire a nurse and Jane helped him with everything. She took care of Stephen and their 3 kids.
So I was shocked to know, that after 25 years of marriage Hawking left his wife and married another woman. Generally I don’t condemn divorces. But Jane sacrificed so much for this man, she fought for his life. He should have been grateful. So this fact of his biography makes me see his personality in different lite: he was a selfish man. He betrayed the person who gave him unconditional love and care, who enabled his career, who literally carried him in her arms!
So, no doubt, Stephen Hawking was an outstanding man, a brilliant scientist. But was he a good person? I don’t know the answer. While his work sheds light on the laws of universe, his biography illustrates the human nature. That is why it is interesting.
Я хочу рассказать вам об очень известном ученом - Стивене Хокинге. Он был физиком-теоретиком и космологом.
Он родился в 1942 году в Англии и умер в 2018 году. Это было печальным известием для меня. Он был очень вдохновляющим человеком, примером того, как человек с ограниченными физическими возможностями может сделать так много для всего человечества.
Он изучал законы, которыми управляется Вселенная. Ему удалось теоретически предсказать, что черные дыры излучают радиацию. За вклад в теорию космологии он получил множество наград.
Хокинг был публичной персоной. Он приложил много усилий, чтобы объяснить научные открытия широкой аудитории. Он писал книги и эссе, давал интервью, участвовал в телевизионных шоу.
Фильм об ученом “Теория всего " был снят в 2014 году. Этот фильм показывает, какой храброй, сильной и преданной женщиной была его жена Джейн. Болезнь Стивена была диагностирована в возрасте 21 года, и врачи сказали, что он проживет всего пару лет со своей болезнью. Но Джейн все равно хотела выйти за него замуж.
По мере прогрессирования болезни двигательных нейронов Хокинг терял физические способности: ему пришлось пользоваться инвалидным креслом, и его речь ухудшалась. Он даже не мог одеться без посторонней помощи. Долгое время они не могли позволить себе нанять сиделку, и Джейн помогала ему во всем. Она заботилась о Стивене и их троих детях.
Поэтому я была шокирована, узнав, что после 25 лет брака Хокинг бросил жену и женился на другой женщине. В целом я не осуждаю разводы. Но Джейн многим пожертвовала ради этого человека, она боролась за его жизнь. Ему следовало бы быть благодарным. Так что этот факт его биографии заставляет меня видеть его личность в другом свете: он был эгоистичным. Он предал женщину, которая давала ему безусловную любовь и заботу, которая сделала возможной его карьеру, которая в буквальном смысле носила его на руках!
Так что, без сомнения, Стивен Хокинг был выдающейся личностью, блестящим ученым. Но был ли он хорошим человеком? Я не знаю. В то время как его работа проливает свет на законы вселенной, его биография иллюстрирует человеческую природу. Вот почему она интересна.
Great scientists. Stephen Hawking: the excitement of overcoming difficulties.
In life, each of us has to face difficulties. It can be health problems, social conflicts, lack of money or even our laziness. And the way we overcome life's turmoil, shape us as individuals. Some people try to find a way out of such situations; others simply ignore them or avoid problems, and sometimes solve them at the expense of others. Personally, I respect people who fight for their right to be happy. Stephen Hawking, an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and astrophysicist, director of research at the Center for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge University, was undoubtedly among such people.
Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, in a family where both parents were doctors. After leaving school, Stephen entered Oxford University, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1962. And in 1966, the young man became one of the first doctors of philosophy at Trinity Hall College at Cambridge University. The future seemed bright because there were no problems. However, during this period the symptoms of a terrible disease appeared - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was developing rapidly, as a result of which the scientist was forever confined to a wheelchair. But health problems did not stop him from studying outer space and black holes in particular, and even discovering a phenomenon called "Hawking radiation." The essence of which is that a black hole loses more matter than it absorbs, as a result of which it begins to evaporate and explode.
Despite his physical disability, Stephen Hawking had an active life position. He was convinced that there should be a peaceful sky above each person’s head, so in 1968, Stephen took part in a demonstration against the Vietnam War. The war in Iraq in 2003 also aroused the indignation of the great scientist, he considered it a war crime and therefore supported anti-war activities. Moreover, Hawking was an active supporter of nuclear disarmament. Also, the great physicist was not indifferent to the problems of ecology and health care in the UK and openly expressed his opinion on the pages of the press until the last days of his life. The scientist died on March 14, 2018.
In conclusion, I want to say that the life of Stephen Hawking is an example of how a person can overcome any obstacles and even physical ailments to do what he loves, make discoveries and help people around him. We should always remember that we must not give in to difficulties, no matter how hard they may seem.
Великие ученые. Стивен Хокинг: азарт от преодоления трудностей.
В жизни каждому из нас приходится сталкиваться с трудностями. Это могут быть проблемы со здоровьем, социальные конфликты, нехватка денег или даже собственная лень. И то, как мы преодолеваем жизненные неурядицы, формируют нас как личностей. Одни люди стремятся найти выход из сложившейся ситуации, другие просто игнорируют их или избегают проблем, а иногда решают их за счет окружающих. Лично я уважаю людей, которые борются за свое право быть счастливым. К таким людям, несомненно, относился Стивен Хокинг, английский физик-теоретик, космолог и астрофизик, директор по научной работе Центра теоретической космологии Кембриджского университета.
Несмотря на физическую ограниченность, Стивен Хокинг занимал активную жизненную позицию. Он был убежден, что над головой каждого человека должно быть мирное небо, поэтому в 1968 году Стивен принял участие в демонстрации против войны во Вьетнаме. Война в Ираке в 2003 году также вызвала негодование великого ученого, он считал ее военным преступлением, поэтому поддерживал антивоенные мероприятия. И более того, Хокинг был активным сторонником ядерного разоружения. Также великий физик не был равнодушен к проблемам экологии и здравоохранения в Великобритании и открыто высказывал свое мнение на страницах прессы вплоть до последних дней своей жизни. Ученый умер 14 марта 2018 года.
В заключение я хочу сказать, что жизнь Стивена Хокинга служит примером того, как человек может преодолеть любые препятствия и даже физические недуги, чтобы заниматься любимым делом, совершать открытия и помогать окружающим людям. Мы должны всегда помнить, что нельзя пасовать перед трудностями, какими бы тяжелыми они не казались.
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Stephen William Hawking
Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, where she moved from London with his parents for fear of bombing by German aircraft. Father Frank Hawking, who worked as a researcher at the medical center in Hampstead. Mother, Isobel Hawking, worked there as a Secretary. In the family except Stephen was brought up two younger sisters (Philip and Mary) and an adopted brother Edward.
Already in the early 1960s, Hawking began to show signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which later led to paralysis. After the diagnosis of the disease in 1963 the doctors believed that he left to live only two and a half years, but the disease has not progressed as quickly, and to use the stroller, he began only in the late 1960-ies. In 1985, Stephen Hawking was seriously ill, he had pneumonia. After a series of operations he underwent tracheotomy, Hawking lost the ability to speak. Friends gave him a speech synthesizer that was installed on his wheelchair. Some mobility was retained, only the index finger on his right hand. Subsequently, the mobility remained only in a mimic muscle of a cheek, in front of which is fixed the sensor. With it, the physicist controls the computer, allowing him to communicate with others.
Despite serious illness, he leads an active life. In 2007 he took flight in zero gravity (on a special plane), and for 2009 were planned flight into space, which did not take place.
Himself Hawking said that, as a Professor of mathematics, he never received any mathematical education since middle school. In his first year of teaching at Oxford Hawking had read the textbook ahead of their own students for two weeks.
One of the most influential and known to the General public theoretical physicists of our time.
The main research area of the Hawking — cosmology and quantum gravity. His main achievements:
application of thermodynamics to the description of black holes;
the development in 1975 of the theory that black holes "evaporate" due to the phenomenon, called Hawking radiation;
In 1971 Hawking in the theory of the Big Bang suggested the concept of small black holes whose mass would be in the billions of tons and occupy the volume of the proton.
These facilities are located at the intersection of the theory of relativity (because of the huge mass and gravity) and quantum mechanics (due to their size). Is one of the founders of quantum cosmology. In 2016, called microscopic black holes a source of almost unlimited energy.
The popularization of science
Hawking is actively engaged in the popularization of science. In April 1988 he published a book "A Brief History of Time", which became a bestseller. Then came the book "Black holes and young universes" (1993) and "World in a nut shell" (2001). In 2005 he published a new edition of "a Brief history. " — "the Shortest history of time", co-authored with Leonard Mlodinow. In 2006, together with his daughter Lucy Hawking has written a book for children "George and the secrets of the Universe. "Hawking has stated that space missions are crucial to the future of humanity as life on Earth is On television came out of popular science films with the participation of Hawking: a six-part "Stephen Hawking''s Universe" (1997) and the three-part "Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking" (2010). In 2012 came the film "the Grand design Stephen Hawking" on the Discovery channel.
Hawking was one of the signatories of the "Project Steve" in support of the theory of evolution and for preventing the teaching of creationism in USA public schools.
At the end of 2015 at London's Royal society was presented the “Medal for scientific communication" will be annually awarded to personalities of science and art in the dissemination of scientific knowledge and be awarded during the international festival of science and arts "Starmus", held in the Canary Islands.
Hawking has stated that space missions are crucial to the future of humanity, because life on Earth is in growing danger of being destroyed as a result of global issues such as nuclear war, genetically engineered virus or other dangers of which we haven't thought of yet.
Пример
Warface rylit Ученик (132) Стивен Хокинг (полное имя – Стивен Уильям Хокинг) родился 8 января 1942 года в Оксфорде, Великобритания. Его отец – Фрэнк Хокинг, исследователь в медицинском научном центре. Его мать – Изабель Хокинг, секретарь в медицинском исследовательском центре. Всего у Фрэнка и Изабель было 4 детей: двое сыновей и двое дочерей. Брат Стивена – Эдвард, был усыновлен. Период учебы В 1962 году Стивен Хокинг окончил Оксфордский университет и получил степень бакалавра. Затем он решил продолжить обучение и поступил в Кембридж, где в 1966-м году защитил степень Доктора философии.
On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking passed away. He was 76. Here is the bio of one of the most famous scientists of the 21st century.
Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942. He grew up in a highly educated family. Both of his parents had been Oxford students.
When he was a teenager, Stephen and his friends built a computer out of old clock parts, telephone switchboards and other recycled items. His friends nicknamed him Einstein.
When Stephen was 17, he went to Oxford University to study physics and chemistry. After that he went to Cambridge University to study cosmology (the science of the origin of the universe).
Sadly, when he was 21, Stephen was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (MND). Doctors told him he only had two years to live. Stephen used walking sticks and crutches but as his illness got worse he had to use an electric wheelchair to get around.
Stephen developed theories about how the world began and furthered our understanding of black holes, stars and the universe. His most famous book, A Brief History of Time, sold more than 10 million copies.
Stephen is an inspiration to many people. He had an amazing mind and he didn’t let his illness stand in his way. He lived for 55 years after his diagnosis!
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