The cultural geographical and economic aspects of our country сообщение

Обновлено: 30.06.2024

The first thing I am going to tell my foreign visitor about is the geography and climate of Russia, as the geographical position and climate of a country influence the country's economy; the second reason is that they influence lifestyles and the health of its people, as well as the national character. The Russian Federation, or Russia is the largest country in the world. Its vast territory lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. The country is washed by three oceans (the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific) and twelve seas (the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, the Azov Sea and others). Russia borders on many countries: Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania in the north, China, Mongolia, North Korea and others in the south-east, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine in the west, and others. The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. Mountain ranges are found along the southern borders, such as the Caucasus and the Altai, and in the eastern parts, such as the Verkhoyansk Range. The Caucasus contain Mount Elbrus, Russia's and Europe's highest point at 5,633 m. The more central Ural Mountains, a north-south range that forms the primary divide between Europe and Asia, are also notable. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes in the country. Notable rivers of Russia in Europe are the Volga, Don, Kama, Oka and the Northern Dvina, while several other rivers originate in Russia but flow into other countries, such as the Dnieper and the Western Dvina. In Asia, important rivers are the Ob, Yrtysh, Yenisei, Angara, Lena, Amur and Kolyma. The largest lakes are Baikal, Ladoga and Onega. Baikal is the deepest fresh-water lake in the world and its water is the purest on Earth. The climate of Russia is varied, from arctic and subarctic in the north, continental in the centre, to subtropical in the south.

The Russian Federation is extremely rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, iron, gold, non-ferrous metals and many other minerals.

The second thing I am going to speak about is Russia's economy as I believe economy is a foundation of any country's life.

The economy of Russia is going through a transitional period from the centrally planned socialist economy to a market economy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the greater part of industries were privatized, agriculture and land underwent partial privatization later and are still undergoing it. After the crisis of 1997 and the depreciation of the rouble followed by sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population, Russia's economy faced recession. The economy started recovering in 1999, partially because of high export prices on oil and gas which Russia is rich in. Russia is still heavily dependent on export of oil, gas and timber, while its industrial and farming sectors are still weak as compared with those of the developed countries, but the rate of economic growth of the country is very high. If the rate is the same within a period of several years, Russia will be the second largest European economy after Germany.

The third point I am going to touch upon is Russia's political system.

The current population of Russia is about 143 million people. The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with a population of about 11 million people.

Russia is a parliamentary republic. Head of State in the country is President, directly elected for a four-year term, who has considerable executive power and is head of the executive branch of the government. The government consists of three branches: legislative (the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Federation Council and the State Duma), executive (the government, or the Cabinet of Ministers) and judicial (the system of courts, including the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and other courts). The national flag of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The national language of the Russian Federation is Russian. The Orthodox Church is the dominant religion in Russia.
And finally, I am going to speak about Russian culture.

Russian culture abounds in names which are famous all over the world. Actually, there is no field in science or arts where Russia failed to contribute to the world's intellectual and artistic treasure-houses, (see 'Outstanding People')

Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Считается, что географическое положение и климат оказывают влияние на экономику, стиль жизни страны и национальный характер.
2. Обширная территория России омывается тремя океанами и двенадцатью морями и граничит со многими странами.
3. Ландшафты (land) разнообразны, от лесов до пустынь, от высоких гор до глубоких долин и включают большое количество горных цепей, в том числе Кавказ с самой высокой точкой Европы — горой Эльбрус, Уральские горы, Алтай и т. д.
4. В России много больших рек и озер, в том числе Байкал, самое глубокое и чистое пресноводное озеро в Европе.
5. После распада Советского Союза Россия проходит через переходный период — от социалистической экономики, основанной на централизованном планировании, к рыночной экономике.
6. Большая часть отраслей промышленности России уже приватизирована, а сельское хозяйство все еще проходит приватизацию.
7. Кризис и обесценивание рубля привели к резкому падению уровня жизни большей части населения, Россия переживала экономический спад.
8. Хотя Россия до сих пор сильно зависит от экспорта нефти, газа и леса, а ее промышленный и сельскохозяйственный сектора слабы, темп экономического роста очень высок.
9. Россия — парламентская республика, в которой главой государства и исполнительной власти является президент, избираемый прямым голосованием на четырехлетний срок.
10. Законодательная власть представлена Федеральным Собранием, состоящим из Совета Федерации и Государственной Думы, исполнительная власть представлена президентом и советом министров, судебная власть состоит из Конституционного суда, Верховного суда и других судов.
11. В культуре России очень много известных имен, поскольку Россия внесла большой вклад в мировую интеллектуальную и художественную сокровищницу.

1. The geographical position and climate are believed to influence the country's economy, lifestyles and the national character.
2. Russia's vast territory is washed by three oceans and twelve seas and borders on many countries.
3. The land varies greatly from forest to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys and has a lot of mountain ranges including the Caucasus with Europe's highest point Mount Elbrus, the Ural Mountains, the Altai and so on.
4. Russia has a lot of great rivers and lakes including Baikal, the deepest and the purest fresh-water lake in the world,
5. After the collapse of the Soviet Union Russia has been going through a transitional period from the centrally planned socialist economy to a market economy.
6. The greater part of Russia's industries have already been privatized, and agriculture is still undergoing privatization.
7. The crisis and depreciation of the rouble resulted in sharp deterioration in living standards for most of the population, Russia was facing recession.
8. Though Russia is still dependent on export of oil, gas and timber and its industrial and farming sectors are still weak, the rate of economic growth is very high.
9. Russia is a parliamentary republic with President, directly elected for a four-year term, as Head of State and head of the executive branch of the government.
10. The legislative branch of the government is represented by the Federal Assembly consisting of the Federation Council and the State Duma; the executive branch is represented by President and the Cabinet of Ministers, the judicial branch consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and other courts.
11. Russian culture abounds in famous names, as Russia has contributed greatly to the world's intellectual and artistic treasure-houses.

Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part one. English examination topics. Forms 9/11.

Презентация на тему: " The Russian Federation. Our country is beautiful. There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety ofnatur scenery and vegetation can be found." — Транскрипт:

1 The Russian Federation

2 Our country is beautiful. There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety ofnatur scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

3 Location of the Russian Federation The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Byelorussia and Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

4 Flag, anthem and emblem of the Russian Federation Modern anthem words by Sergey Mikhalkov, and music - Alexander Alexandrov. State Flag of the Russian Federation is a rectangular panel consisting of three horizontal stripes: the top - white, middle - blue, bottom - red. In November 1990, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution on the creation of the coat of arms of the RSFSR. In 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin finally approved by decree of the State heraldic emblem. On a red background gold double eagle, eagle over - Three Crowns, in his paws - scepter and orb on the chest - a shield with horseman slaying a dragon. The current emblem of the Russian Federation - a new emblem, but his part reflect different periods in the history of the fatherland and personifies its continuity.

5 The main cities of Russia The capital of Russia is Moscow, and its the biggest city in the country. Another big and famous city in Russia is Saint Petersburg. It has once been a capital of the country. These two cities have the majority of Russian sights. For example, the Kremlin, which is situated in the heart of Moscow, the Bolshoi Theater, which is also in Moscow and many others. Saint-Petersburg is famous by its magnificent architecture. Almost every building in the city looks like a rare masterpiece. The capital of Russia is Moscow, and its the biggest city in the country. Another big and famous city in Russia is Saint Petersburg. It has once been a capital of the country. These two cities have the majority of Russian sights. For example, the Kremlin, which is situated in the heart of Moscow, the Bolshoi Theater, which is also in Moscow and many others. Saint-Petersburg is famous by its magnificent architecture. Almost every building in the city looks like a rare masterpiece.

6 Russia is multicultural country In our country there are more than million people. The Russian Federation is a multi-ethnic society with over 100 different ethnic groups, 47 of which are legally recognized as numerically small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

7 Elbrus Mount Elbrus is a dormant volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino- Balkaria and Karachav- Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Mt. Elbrus's peak is the highest in the Caucasus, in Russia.

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Russian Culture Facts

Facts about the country of Russia Russia is the largest country in the world in area and spans Europe and Asia from West to East. Because Russia encompasses so much land, it also exhibits a great diversity in geography and ethnicities. Though generalizations about Russian culture can be made, the size and diversity of the country mean that regions in Russia maintain cultural elements that aren't typical to other areas of Russia.

Russia's People Though those who live Udmurt people in Russia are called “Russians,” about 160 various ethnic groups can be found in Russia. Russian is the official language, though over 100 languages are spoken by its peoples. The majority of Russians identify with the Eastern Orthodox (Christian) religion, but Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism are also practiced in Russia.

Russia's Cities Russia's capital city is Moscow, though St. Petersburg once held that title and now serves as a “second capital”. Moscow is home to many important symbols of Russian culture, such as the Kremlin, St. Basil's Cathedral, the Tretyakov Gallery, and more.

St. Petersburg The culture of St. Petersburg is uniquely “European” due to the efforts of Peter the Great

Each city in Russia is unique and exhibits its own culture. For example, Kazan has a strong Tatar heritage and is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Siberian cities reflect the realities of living in the far east of Russia with its bitterly cold winters and ethnic communities. Cities along important trade routes, like the Volga, preserve elements of ancient Russia.

Russian Food and Drinks Russian food and drinks are a central part of life in this vast country. Most people are familiar with Russian vodka, that clear, flavorless spirit that encourages conversation and warms the blood. But Russians are also avid tea drinkers, and Russian tea culture is as strong as vodka culture. Russian foods are comforting, rich, and focus on the flavors favored over generations. Special holiday foods in Russia, like kulich and pelmeni, grace tables seasonally, and their preparation and consumption is surrounded by ritual.

Russian families sometimes keep a dacha, or summer cottage, where they escape for the weekends or the summer and where they tend vegetable gardens and fruit trees. When addressing friends or family, it's important to know a little about Russian names, which don't follow English-language conventions.You may hear the same person called by a variety of names which sound nothing alike!

Russia's Holidays Russian celebrates standard Western holidays, such as Christmas, New Year's and Easter, but other holidays, like Victory Day and International Women's Day, take on special emphasis in Russia. Russian holidays also recognize uniquely Russian achievements; for example, Cosmonaut Day celebrates Russia's achievements in space exploration.

Russian Traditions Russian culture is often tradition-driven. Traditions govern everything from how many flowers to give a woman (an odd number - 3, 5, 7. ) to how to drink a bottle of vodka (one bottle for three people). Learning about Russian traditions will enrich your experience in Russia because you'll be able to navigate social situations more confidently. On the picture you can see a traditional Russian holiday Maslenitsa (Carnival, Farewell to winter), where pagan and Christian traditions mixed.

Russian Family Life Russian families don't differ drastically from families around the world. Both the mother and father typically work, and children go to school (where they typically learn English and other languages) to prepare them for university. The babushka, the Russian grandmother, fills the role of wise woman, curator of memories and traditions, and baker of favorite comfort foods.

Russian Language Russian language uses the Cyrillic alphabet. Russian Cyrillic uses 33 letters. These letters are derived from an old Slavic alphabet developed when Cyril and Methodius spread Christianity to the southern Slavic people in the 9th century. If you're traveling in Russia, it helps to know which letters in the Cyrillic alphabet are analogous to Latin letters. This makes reading signs and maps easier, even if you can't speak the language. Russian language itself is a Slavic language and shares some root words with other Slavic languages.

Russian Literature Russia is one of the greatest literary cultures and languages. Most people are familiar with Tolstoy, who wrote the formidable “War and Peace” and Dostoevsky, who wrote another weighty book, “Crime and Punishment”. Theater goers still laugh at Chekhov's plays, and poetry enthusiasts swoon over the verses of Pushkin. Russians take their literature very seriously, and many Russians can easily recite passages from famous works at the drop of a hat. When you travel, visit the former houses of Russian authors; many are preserved as museums.

Russian Arts and Crafts Russian handcrafted souvenirs make wonderful gifts and home decorations. The most well-known Russian craft is the matryoshka doll, or painted nesting doll. Finely decorated lacquer boxes also make special souvenirs. Regional and national styles of folk craft, as well as materials (birchbark) typify handicrafts. These can be purchased at souvenir markets. Some are of heirloom quality and bring enjoyment to multiple generations.

Russian History Russian history begins with Kievan Rus, which existed as the first unified, Slavic Christian state. After Kievan Rus fell as a result of Mongol invasion, the Grand Duchy of Moscow gained might and power in the region. Peter the Great established the Russian Empire and moved the capital city to St. Petersburg. With the Bolshevik Revolution in the early 20th century, the Russian monarchy disintegrated and 70 years of Communist rule followed. Towards the end of the last century, Russia became a democracy. Many aspects of Russian history are important to Russian culture because they have made Russia (and its people) what it is today.

The Geographical Position of Russia, its Nature and Climate

Where is Russia situated?
How large is Russia compared to other countries?
What countries does it border on?
What are Russia’s main regions?
What seas and oceans is Russia washed by?
What are the most important rivers in Russia?
What is the deepest lake in Russia?
What types of climate are there on the territory of Russia? Which is the prevailing one?
Is Russia rich in natural resources?

Russia is situated (located) in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.
It covers almost twice the territory of either the United States or China.
Russia borders on 12 countries on land. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, and the Ukraine. It also has a sea border with the USA.
The main areas of Russia are European part, Siberia and Far East. The Ural Mountains separate Europe from Asia.
Russia is washed by 12 seas and 2 oceans. Russia is connected with the Atlantic Ocean through the Baltic Sea in the west and the Black Sea in the south. The Arctic Ocean and its seas including the White, Barents, Kara, Laptev, and East-Siberian Seas wash Russia in the north. The Pacific Ocean and its seas the Bering, Okhotsk and Japanese Seas wash Russia in the east.
Russia’s greatest rivers are the Don and the Volga in its European part, and the Ob and the Yenisey in West Siberia. The largest river in Asian part of Russia is the Lena. The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers, the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena, flow from south to north. The Ob is the longest river in Russia, but the Volga is the most important one. Many Russian towns are located on the Volga river: Vladimir, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kazan, and Nizhny Novgorod. Altogether there are over two million rivers in our country.
Lake Baikal is the largest fresh water lake in the world, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, the pearl of Siberia. It’s 636 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide and is surrounded by forests and mountains peaks, the waters of the lake are transparent to a depth of 40 metres in summer. The lake has more than 2000 rare plants and animals – bears, elk (лось), lynx (рысь), sables (соболь), freshwater seal (тюлень), trout (форель), salmon (лосось) and sturgeon (осетр). It is fed by 336 rivers, with only one river feeding out (the Angara).
The climate of Russia differs from one part to another, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. But the prevailing one is a type of climate with four seasons.It is called temperate (умеренный). Winters are cold and windy with a lot of snow. Summers are hot and dry.
Russia is rich in mineral resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, as well as of iron ore, copper, zinc, lead and others. Natural resources determine the development of the Russian economy.

4. Text on the Geographical Position of Russia, its Nature and Climate

Russia is the largest country in the world. It occupies about the one seventh of the earth’s surface. Russia covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.

The country is washed by 12 seas of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea border with the USA.

The population of Russia is 145.5 million people. 83 percent are Russians. The capital of the country is Moscow. It is the largest city and has a population of about 12 million people (2016).

There is hardly a country in the world with such a variety of scenery and vegetation. Russia has steppes in the south, plains and forests in the central region, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.

Russia is located on two plains. They are the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland.

There are several mountains chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia.

In Russia there are long rivers and deep lakes. The Volga is the biggest Europe’s river. The world’s deepest lake is Lake Baikal. The water in Lake Baikal used to be very clean. It was so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom.

Russia has one sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East.

Over the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the south-west the weather is usually mild and wet; northern Asia is one of the coldest places on the earth, and in the south the heat is unbearable. But in the middle of the country the climate is moderate and continental.

Russia is very rich in mineral resources. It exports oil and natural gas.

In recent years the political and economic situation in the country has started getting out of the crisis.

There are a lot of opportunities for our country to become one of the leading countries in the world.

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