Архитектор сочинение на английском

Обновлено: 02.07.2024

Louis Henry Sullivan was an American architect often called a “father of skyscrapers”. He was an influential architect to whom the phrase “form follows function” is often attributed. In 1944, Sullivan was the second architect awarded the American Institute of Architects medal after his death.

Louis Sullivan was born in Boston in 1856. At the age of sixteen, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he studied architecture briefly. A year later, he moved to Philadelphia and started to work there with architect Frank Furness. In 1873 Sullivan moved to Chicago where he worked for various architects, but his most productive years were since 1879 when Sullivan became a partner in Dankmar Adler’s firm.

Adler and Sullivan initially became popular as theater architects, but later they created the Auditorium Building, a mixed-use building that included a theater, a hotel, and an office building that brought them fame and sparked the public interest in other of their office buildings.

Prior to the late 19th century, massive and thick walls of the lower section were needed to support the weight of tall multi-story buildings. This changed with the development of cheap steel. The mass production of steel led to the ability to build skyscrapers. Sullivan simplified the appearance of buildings and created a grammar of form for skyscrapers (base, shaft, and cornice), and related the form of the building to its specific function and purpose. All this was revolutionary and appealing.

Among the most prominent works of Sullivan are the Guaranty Building in Buffalo, Carson Pirie Scott store, and the Auditorium Building in Chicago, the Chicago Stock Exchange, and others. In total, more than three hundred buildings were designed by Louis Sullivan.

Луис Салливан родился в Бостоне в 1856 году. В возрасте шестнадцати лет он поступил в Массачусетский технологический институт, где кратко изучал архитектуру. Год спустя он переехал в Филадельфию и начал работать там с архитектором Фрэнком Фернессом. В 1873 году Салливан переехал в Чикаго, где работал с различными архитекторами, но его самые продуктивные годы приходились на период с 1879 года, когда Салливан стал партнером фирмы Данкмара Адлера.

Адлер и Салливан изначально стали популярными как театральные архитекторы, но позже они создали Аудиториум, многофункциональное здание, в которое входили театр, гостиница и офисное здание, которое принесло им известность и вызвало интерес общественности к другим их офисным зданиям.

До конца 19 века массивные и толстые стены нижней части были необходимы, чтобы выдержать вес высоких многоэтажных зданий. Это изменилось с появлением дешевой стали. Массовое производство стали привело к возведению небоскребов. Салливан упростил внешний вид зданий и создал грамматику формы для небоскребов (основание, вал и карниз) и связал форму здания с его конкретной функцией и назначением. Все это было революционным и привлекательным.

Среди наиболее известных работ Салливана – Доходный дом в Буффало, магазин Карсона Пири Скотта, Аудиториум в Чикаго, Здание Фондовой биржи в Чикаго и другие. Всего Луис Салливан спроектировал более трехсот зданий.

Сочинение на английском на тему Архитектор / Architect

People feel satisfaction of the work when the results are visible and tangible. An architect is a great profession in this regard. But this job is also complex and demanding.

An architect is to have both artistic and technical abilities. Besides, this profession requires good communication skills, because he (or she) is a link between the client and construction workers.

Young people often consider this profession very creative. But they should be realistic about what takes most time. To start any construction the company needs to get permissions from administrative organizations. It means a lot of paper work.

Walk down any street in a residential district of a big city and look around. Most of the buildings are typical and standard. And the reason is not a lack of talents, but a lack of budget. You may have great ideas how to make the building beautiful and unusual, but if the project is not within the budget - it goes to the trash can.

It is a high responsibility to design buildings. Every object is to be safe and secure. The mistake may cause considerable inconveniences or even someone’s death. That is why it takes many years to get to the top of the career. No one will entrust big project to an unexperienced specialist. So a salary doesn’t grow fast as well.

And still it is a tempting prospect to be the one who shapes the cityscape, to create something that several generations will see and use - to be an architect.

Люди чувствуют удовлетворение от работы, когда результаты видны и осязаемы. Архитектор - отличная профессия в этом отношении. Но эта работа сложная и требующая большой отдачи.

Архитектор должен обладать как художественными, так и техническими способностями. Кроме того, эта профессия требует хороших навыков общения, потому что он (или она) является связующим звеном между клиентом и строителями.

Молодые люди часто считают эту профессию творческой. Но им следует быть реалистами в отношении того, что занимает больше всего времени. Чтобы начать любое строительство, необходимо получить разрешения от административных организаций. Поэтому много времени тратится на подготовку документации.

Пройдитесь по любой улице в жилом районе большого города и посмотрите вокруг. Большинство зданий - это типовая застройка. И причина не в недостатке талантов, а в недостатке бюджета. У вас могут быть отличные идеи, как сделать здание красивым и необычным, но если проект не вписывается в рамки бюджета - он отправляется в мусорное ведро.

Проектирование зданий - это большая ответственность. Каждый объект должен быть безопасным и надежным. Ошибка может вызвать значительные неудобства или даже чью-то смерть. Вот почему требуется много лет, чтобы добраться до вершины карьеры. Никто не доверит большой проект неопытному специалисту. Так что зарплата тоже быстро не растет.

И все же это заманчивая перспектива - быть тем, кто формирует городской пейзаж, создавать то, что увидят и будут использовать несколько поколений - быть архитектором.

Мне очень нравится профессия архитектора, который разрабатывает проекты будущих зданий, создает сначала маленькие макеты, а затем переносит задумку в реальность. Безусловно, эта профессия требует большой базы знаний и умений, поэтому до своего первого сделанного проекта предстоит много учиться и пробовать.

Еще одно очень важное преимущество этого вида деятельности – полезность и значимость для общества. Буквально своими руками повлиять на внешний вид города, в котором живешь, сделать свой двор, улицу, район такими, какими хотелось бы – все это может дать профессия архитектора. А что может быть лучше, чем дарить радость людям, которые впервые заходят в новое здание или квартиру? Я смогу делать здания удобными и практичными и, в то же время, красивыми и радующими глаз. Но до воплощения этих планов мне предстоит несколько лет учиться в институте, испортить горы бумаги для чертежей и килограммы картона для макетов.

I really like the profession of the architect, which develops projects of future buildings, creates the first small layouts, and then takes the idea a reality. Certainly, this profession requires great skill and knowledge base, so before his first project to be made much to learn and try.

The work of the architect combines creativity, and rationality, and knowledge and continuous development. After all, if you're not going to over and over again to study, learn new construction techniques and other subtleties of profession you can for a long time "getting stuck" in the past, and to stay in place.

Another very important advantage of this type of activity is the usefulness and significance to society. Literally with their own hands affect the appearance of the city, where you live, make your backyard, street, area such What we can all give the profession of architect. And what better way than to give joy to people who come for the first time in the new building or apartment? I can make buildings comfortable and practical and, at the same time, beautiful and pleasing to the eye. But to translate these plans to me a few years to study at the Institute, spoil the mountains of paper drawings and kilograms of cardboard for layouts.

I love the profession of an architect who develops projects of future buildings, creating small models first, and then transfers the idea into reality. Of course, this profession requires a lot of knowledge and skills, so before their first project to be done a lot to learn and try. Employment architect combines creativity and rationality, and knowledge, and continuous development. After all, if you're not going to learn over and over again, to learn new methods of construction, and other secrets of the trade, you can permanently "stuck" in the past and stay in place. Another very important advantage of this type of activity - the usefulness and significance to society. Literally with their own hands to influence the appearance of the city in which you live, make your yard, the street, the area so what I would like - all of which can give the profession of architect. And what could be better than to give pleasure to people who come for the first time in a new building or an apartment? I can make buildings comfortable and practical and, at the same time, beautiful and pleasing the eye. But to implement these plans, I will have a few years to study at the institute, to spoil the mountains of paper for drawings and pounds of cardboard for layouts.

I really like profession architect, which develops projects future buildings, creates a first small layouts, and then migrates tops in reality. Of course,This profession requires a large knowledge base and skills, therefore, prior to his first statement made by the project there is a lot to learn and try.

Work of the architect combines a and creativity, and rationality, and the knowledge,And the continuous development. Indeed, if you do not again and again to learn, learn new methods of construction and other intricacies occupations, you can permanently "stuck" in the past and stay in place.

Another very important advantage of this type of activity - the usefulness and importance to society. Literally their hands affect the appearance of the city, in which live, to do their yard, street, the area such asWhat I would like to - all of this can give profession architect. And what could be better than playful people who, for the first time entered into a new building or an apartment? I want to be able to make the building comfortable and practical and,At the same time, beautiful and радующими eye. But to translate these plans I am going to a few years to study at the institute, spoil mountains of paper for drawings and kilograms cardboard to layouts.

Architecture - the art of building in which human requirements and construction materials are related so as to furnish practical use as well as an aesthetic solution, thus differing from the pure utility of engineering construction. As an art, architecture is essentially abstract and nonrepresentational and involves the manipulation of the relationships of spaces, volumes, planes, masses, and voids. Time is also an important factor in architecture, since a building is usually comprehended in a succession of experiences rather than all at once. In most architecture there is no one vantage point from which the whole structure can be understood. The use of light and shadow, as well as surface decoration, can greatly enhance a structure.

The analysis of building types provides an insight into past cultures and eras. Behind each of the greater styles lies not a casual trend nor a vogue, but a period of serious and urgent experimentation directed toward answering the needs of a specific way of life. Climate, methods of labor, available materials, and economy of means all impose their dictates. Each of the greater styles has been aided by the discovery of new construction methods. Once developed, a method survives tenaciously, giving way only when social changes or new building techniques have reduced it. That evolutionary process is exemplified by the history of modern architecture, which developed from the first uses of structural iron and steel in the mid-19th cent.

Until the 20th cent. there were three great developments in architectural construction—the post-and-lintel, or trabeated, system; the arch system, either the cohesive type, employing plastic materials hardening into a homogeneous mass, or the thrust type, in which the loads are received and counterbalanced at definite points; and the modern steel-skeleton system. In the 20th cent. new forms of building have been devised, with the use of reinforced concrete and the development of geodesic and stressed-skin (light material, reinforced) structures.

See also articles under countries, e.g., American architecture ; styles, e.g., baroque ; periods, e.g., Gothic architecture and art ; individual architects, e.g., Andrea Palladio ; individual stylistic and structural elements, e.g., tracery , orientation ; specific building types, e.g., pagoda , apartment house .

Architecture of the Ancient World

In Egyptian architecture, to which belong some of the earliest extant structures to be called architecture (erected by the Egyptians before 3000 BC), the post-and-lintel system was employed exclusively and produced the earliest stone columnar buildings in history. The architecture of W Asia from the same era employed the same system; however, arched construction was also known and used. The Chaldaeans and Assyrians, dependent upon clay as their chief material, built vaulted roofs of damp mud bricks that adhered to form a solid shell.

After generations of experimentation with buildings of limited variety the Greeks gave to the simple post-and-lintel system the purest, most perfect expression it was to attain (see Parthenon ; orders of architecture ). Roman architecture, borrowing and combining the columns of Greece and the arches of Asia, produced a wide variety of monumental buildings throughout the Western world. Their momentous invention of concrete enabled the imperial builders to exploit successfully the vault construction of W Asia and to cover vast unbroken floor spaces with great vaults and domes , as in the rebuilt Pantheon (2d cent. AD; see under pantheon ).

The Evolution of Styles in the Christian Era

The Romans and the early Christians also used the wooden truss for roofing the wide spans of their basilica halls. Neither Greek, Chinese, nor Japanese architecture used the vault system of construction. However, in the Asian division of the Roman Empire, vault development continued; Byzantine architects experimented with new principles and developed the pendentive , used brilliantly in the 6th cent. for the Church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.

The Romanesque architecture of the early Middle Ages was notable for strong, simple, massive forms and vaults executed in cut stone. In Lombard Romanesque (11th cent.) the Byzantine concentration of vault thrusts was improved by the device of ribs and of piers to support them. The idea of an organic supporting and buttressing skeleton of masonry (see buttress ), here appearing in embryo, became the vitalizing aim of the medieval builders. In 13th-century Gothic architecture it emerged in perfected form, as in the Amiens and Chartres cathedrals.

The birth of Renaissance architecture (15th cent.) inaugurated a period of several hundred years in Western architecture during which the multiple and complex buildings of the modern world began to emerge, while at the same time no new and compelling structural conceptions appeared. The forms and ornaments of Roman antiquity were resuscitated again and again and were ordered into numberless new combinations, and structure served chiefly as a convenient tool for attaining these effects. The complex, highly decorated baroque style was the chief manifestation of the 17th-century architectural aesthetic. The Georgian style was among architecture's notable 18th-century expressions (see Georgian architecture ). The first half of the 19th cent. was given over to the classic revival and the Gothic revival .

New World, New Architectures

The architects of the later 19th cent. found themselves in a world being reshaped by science, industry, and speed. A new eclecticism arose, such as the architecture based on the Ecole des Beaux-Arts , and what is commonly called Victorian architecture in Britain and the United States. The needs of a new society pressed them, while steel, reinforced concrete, and electricity were among the many new technical means at their disposal.

After more than a half-century of assimilation and experimentation, modern architecture , often called the International style , produced an astonishing variety of daring and original buildings, often steel substructures sheathed in glass. The Bauhaus was a strong influence on modern architecture. As the line between architecture and engineering became a shadow, 20th-century architecture often approached engineering, and modern works of engineering—airplane hangars, for example—often aimed at and achieved an undeniable beauty. More recently, postmodern architecture (see postmodernism ), which exploits and expands the technical innovations of modernism while often incorporating stylistic elements from other architectural styles or periods, has become an international movement.

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ARCHITECT PERFORMED: Bobrysheva svetlana

Architect — a specialist in architectural design, development of plans for the rear, facades and interior spaces. Often the duties of a specialist include the calculation of building structures. The main task of the architect is to find solutions that optimally combine the safety of construction, rational use of space and features of the original design idea.

The pros of the profession High-profile employees are valued in the labor market and have a decent level of pay, which increases with the growth of experience and position. Due to the growing urbanization of the population, the relevance of the profession is growing. Simply put, becoming an architect, you will secure income and work. And with experience, not you, and the work will be looking for you.

Minuses large range of responsibility for the projects lies with their developer. This can be an emergency amount of work on which you need to work.

Wages The maximum average earnings is 60 000 rubles

My opinion This profession requires knowledge of architecture and General industrial disciplines. That's why I was interested in such subjects as mathematics, geometry and drawing. For me, architecture is a real art. It plays an important role in the formation of our emotions, desires, feelings; it affects our views, Outlook and mood. It enriches our inner world.

Thank you for listening!

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Данную презентацию подготовила к уроку английского языка ученица 9 класса Бобрышева Светлана. Она рассказала о своей будущей профессии - архитектор. Сначала она дает общие сведения и определение этой профессии, отмечает плюсы и минусы по ее мнению. Также Светлана касается вопроса заработной платы и в заключении высказывает отношение к профессии архитектора.

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