Достижения и инновации в области науки и техники на английском языке реферат
Обновлено: 18.05.2024
- Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
- Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам
Контрольная работа № 5.1
Вариант 1
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
The word "science" comes from the Latin word "scientia", which means "knowledge". Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with facts and the relationship among these facts.
Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for clues to the origin of the universe and examine the structure of the cells of living plants and animals. Other researchers investigate why we act the way we do, or try to solve complicated mathematical problems.
Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and collect facts. They develop theories that help them order and unify facts. Scientific theories consist of general principles or laws that attempt to explain how and why something happens or has happened. A theory is considered to become a part of scientific knowledge if it has been tested experimentally and proved to be true.
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ
1. Read the text and answer the questions
What is the text about?
What does the word “science” mean?
What do scientists search for?
What do the scientific theories consist of?
2. Find in the text the English equivalents
1. широкая область знаний
3. большое разнообразие
4. происхождение вселенной
5. изучать структуру
6. сложные задачи
7. делать наблюдения
8. разрабатывать теории
9. общие принципы и законы
10. часть научного знания
3. Make the sentence negative and ask questions (general, special, to the subject, disjunctive)
Scientists study a wide variety of subjects .
ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ
4. Open the brackets, using Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past Continuous.
The program (to start) at 9 o’clock every night.
They (to go) to the beach now.
Look at my daughter! She (to read).
You (to write) the test yesterday.
What animals you (to like) better: cats or dogs?
They (to wait) for meat five o’clock yesterday.
Yesterday he (to get) home and (to take) his dog for a walk.
Her baby always (to sleep) after breakfast.
When I (to be) in this town last year, I (not to know).
When my father (to come) home, I (to have) dinner.
Контрольная работа № 5.1
Вариант 2
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: the natural, social, and technical sciences. As scientific knowledge has grown and become more complicated, many new fields of science have appeared. At the same time, the boundaries between scientific fields have become less and less clear. Numerous areas of science overlap each other and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and another begins. All sciences are closely interconnected.
Science has great influence on our lives. It provides the basis of modern technology – the tools and machines that make our life and work easier. The discoveries and the inventions of scientists also help shape our view about ourselves and our place in the universe.
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ
1. Read the text and answer the questions
What is the text about?
What can scientific study be divided into?
Why does science have great influence on our lives?
What helps to shape our view about the universe?
2. Find in the text the English equivalents
1. основные группы
2. научные знания
4. бесчисленные области науки
5. тесно взаимосвязаны
6. основа современной технологии
7. инструменты и машины
8. открытия и изобретения
9. формировать нашу точку зрения
3. Make the sentence negative and ask questions (general, special, to the subject, disjunctive)
Science has great influence on our lives .
ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ
4. Open the brackets, using Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, Past Continuous.
In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the Universe as a whole.
Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.
Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier.
Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90% of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.
The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory. This was the first true modern technological research.
In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.
Science and technology — топик по английскому языку с переводом и фразами, который поможет при подготовке к устной части экзаменов ЕГЭ, ОГЭ, а также будет полезен всем, кто совершенствует свой английский язык.
We are living in a world of technologies now and can’t remember our life being different. The humanity has made many discoveries and invented lots of mechanisms and devices which have simplified our life significantly.
We got acquainted with light and sound and explored their characteristics which helped us to use them effectively. The radio, the TV, the telephone was invented and enabled us to get in touch with each other, learn about what is happening in our native city and all over the world.
The humanity never stopped on the way to unexplored places and even planets! We devised a satellite and made a rocket to travel to the moon and round the Earth. Special equipment lets us make photos of the faraway planets and study their environment.
The most recent breakthrough in technology is supposed to be the internet. It has broadened our abilities and opened new horizons. We connect with people from other countries without any problems, search for any information and get it in one click, and have many other opportunities accessing the net from our smartphones, tablets, and computers.
However, other realms of science have also been developing. Medicine, biology, archeology and many other sciences have achieved great results. We do have everything to maintain a high quality of life now. Many processes have been automated and people have got rid of many unpleasant things and difficulties they used to face in the past.
Перевод:
Сегодня мы живем в мире технологий и уже не помним, что наша жизнь когда-то была иной. Человечество сделало многие открытия и изобрело множество механизмов и приборов, которые значительно упростили нашу жизнь.
Мы познакомились со светом и звуком и изучили их свойства, которые помогли нам эффективно их использовать. Было изобретено радио, телевидение, телефон, которые позволили нам связываться друг с другом, узнавать о том, что происходит в нашем родном городе и во всем мире.
Одним из последних прорывов в технологии считается интернет. Он расширил наши возможности и открыл новые горизонты. Мы общаемся с людьми из других стран без всяких проблем, ищем любую информацию и находим ее в одно нажатие мышью и имеем множество других возможностей, подключаясь к сети через наши смартфоны, планшеты и компьютеры.
Однако другие сферы науки также развиваются. Медицина, биология, археология и многие другие науки достигли отличных результатов. У нас действительно есть все, чтобы поддерживать высокий уровень жизнь сейчас. Многие процессы были автоматизированы и люди избавились от многих неприятных вещей и сложностей, с которыми сталкивались раньше.
We are living in the modern world, full of computers, automatic devices, gadgets, cell phones and many other different interesting and useful things that technological progress has given us for usage. Although not even years have passed as we couldn’t even dream about time when it would be enough just to tap on a screen and get connected with the other person on the different end of the world.
Science has given us possibility to fly into space and step on the moon, to start studying different parts of our galaxy and even farther. For example, what wonderful pictures of our galaxy and planets and stars surrounding Earth Hubble telescope has showed to us. Now we can develop further and maybe ever step on the other planets and even populate it.
Technology has considerably made our life easier due to different discoveries. For example, nowadays we can travel with extremely high speed in different directions: many countries have high-speed trains which help us to feel comfortable all the way.
Older people have different devices that have highly improved the level of their life, such as special cars for driving or hearing aid that helps them to no more feel useless in the society.
On the other hand al this computerized environment may damage us too. Our children spend more and more time playing computer games, texting their friends instead of meeting them in the streets, living more and more in their own virtual world. Girls try to compete whose cell phone or tablet is better and more modern, or who has more friends on Facebook.
Anyway technology has its advantages and disadvantages, but we cannot escape from progress, the development is inevitable. But our responsibility is to preserve ourselves as modern, just and peaceful civilization.
Мы живем в современном мире, переполненном компьютерами, автоматическими устройствами, мобильными телефонами и другими интересными и полезными, которые нам дал в пользование технический прогресс. Хотя еще двадцать лет назад мы и мечтать не могли о времени, когда будет достаточно коснуться экрана и соединиться с человеком на другом конце земли.
Наука дала нам возможность полететь в космос и ступить на луну, начать изучать разные части нашей галактики и даже дальше. Например, какие прекрасные фотографии нашей галактики, ее планет и звезд окружающих Землю подарил нам телескоп Хаббл. И сейчас мы можем развиваться и дальше, и может быть, ступим на другие планеты и даже поселимся на них.
Технологии сделали нашу жизнь значительно легче, благодаря разным открытиям. Например, сегодня мы можем путешествовать с невероятно высокими скоростями в разные направления: во многих странах уже есть высокоскоростные поезда, позволяющие нам чувствовать себя комфортно в пути.
У пожилых людей появилось множество разных устройств, которые сильно улучшили их уровень жизни, такие как специальные автомобили и слуховые аппараты, позволяющие им чувствовать себя полезными обществу.
С другой стороны вся эта компьютеризированная среда может и навредить. Наши дети проводят все больше и больше времени, играя в компьютерные игры, переписываясь с друзьями, вместо того, чтобы встретиться на улице. Они все больше и больше живут в своем виртуальном мире. Девочки стали соревноваться у кого мобильный телефон лучше и современней, или у кого больше друзей в социальной сети.
Все равно у технологий есть свои преимущества и недостатки, но мы не можем убежать от прогресса, развитие неизбежно. Но наша ответственность в том, чтобы сохранить человечество современным, справедливым и мирным.
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