Мифы на английском языке с переводом кратко

Обновлено: 07.07.2024

Prometheus was presented to be the friend of man, the protector of human race. He was taught people all he knew.

In an event called Trick at Mecone, he tricked Zeus by asking him to choose between two offerings; beef hidden inside an ox's stomach or bones wrapped in glistening fat. Zeus chose the latter and hence, a precedent was created in what humans could sacrifice from that moment; so, they kept the meat for themselves and sacrificed bones to the gods.

As a result of the trick at Mecone, Prometheus was anger Zeus and Zeus decided to hide fire from mortals as punishment. Prometheus was steal fire and was give it to man as a gift. More enraged, the father of gods asked Hephaestus to create Pandora, the first woman, who according to Hesiod would bring troubles to mankind. He also punished Prometheus. Zeus was chain Prometheus to a peak in the Caucasus. Eagle was flown to the peak every day and peck out his liver. His liver was regenerated during the night and he was undergoing the same torment the next day. It is a harsh punishment! 30 years pass and Heracles was come and release Prometheus.

Прометей представлен как друг человека, защитник человеческой расы. Он учил людей всему, что он знал.

В результате трюка в Меконе, он обманул Зевса, попросив его сделать выбор между двумя предложениями, а именно между говядиной, спрятанной внутри желудка вола и костями, завернутыми в сверкающий жир. Зевс выбрал последнее, и, следовательно, люди могли бы приносить в жертву с этого момента только кости, таким образом, они оставляли мясо себе и сжигали кости в жертвоприношение к богам.

В результате трюка в Меконе, Прометей вызвал гнев Зевса и Зевс решил спрятать огонь от смертных в качестве наказания. Прометей украл огонь и отдал его человеку в качестве подарка. Более разгневанный, отец богов попросил Гефесту создать Пандору, первую женщину, которая согласно Гесиоду принесет неприятности человечеству. Он также наказал Прометея. Зевс приковал цепью Прометея к пику на Кавказе. Орел прилетал на пик каждый день, и клевал его печень. Его печень восстанавливалась в течение ночи, и он проходил это же мучение на следующий день. Это суровое наказание! 30 лет проходят, и Геракл пришёл и освободил Прометея.

Иностранный язык – необычный предмет! И среди всех других ему равного нет. На уроках своих обо всём говорим, кругозором широким хоть кого удивим. Знаем всё про семью, про квартиру, одежду…И секреты раскрыть не теряем надежду про моря-океаны и про дальние страны, про великих людей, про природу, зверей…А сегодня знакомиться с мифами будем, про богов и героев ни за что не забудем!

Цели и задачи

Совершенствовать навыки аудирования и устной речи учащихся

Обучать учащихся решать речемыслительные задачи, устанавливать логические связи

Воспитывать у учащихся позитивное, уважительное отношение к общечеловеческому достоянию, каковым является культура вообще и мифология в частности

Ход урока

Вступительное слово учителя

Dear friends! Today we are going to have a lesson which is not usual at all. We’ll speak about very interesting things. I’m sure that you know many international words in the English language. It’s not difficult to translate them into Russian, e.g.: actor, organization, admiral, central, profession, museum, fantasy, comedy, platform, gallery, alphabet. This list may be continued.

Today I’d like to introduce you three words more. A myth. A legend. Mythology.

These words will define the theme of our lesson. Can you explain the meaning of these words? I’ll help you. So, take the sheets of paper with new words written on them, look through them and pronounce the words. (Приложение. Vocabulary.)

A myth is a story which is the product of the imagination. For the Ancient Greeks they were more than just folk tales. They tried to explain things that nowadays can be described scientifically. Ancient people had no scientific knowledge, they used their imagination to fill the gap. Other stories were the reflections of historical novels and events in which human kings or heroes behaved like gods and did things no real people could do. This type of story is called a legend.

The stories told in the Greek myths formed part of the religion for Ancient Greeks. They illustrated the nature of gods. So, religion was a part of everyday life for the Greeks. Each god was responsible for some aspect of life. Greek history can be traced back over 40,000 years. No one knows when the myths first appeared. Some of them are very old.

Now I suggest you to work with the tasks which you have on your desks and do the exercise. You are to complete the sentences. (Приложение. Task 1)

Do you like myths? Have you got any books of myths? Do you often read them? Is it interesting for you to read myths and to listen to them?

I’m glad to hear that you like myths.

Today I’d like to tell you my favourite myth. I’m sure you’ll like it too. But first try to answer such a question: can you explain why the seasons change one another? You think that it is because the Earth moves around the Sun. It’s the scientific point of view. But mythology explains this fact in another way.

Now you have a happy chance to listen to my favourite myth.

The Sorrow of Demeter

Demeter was the Goddess of the earth and harvest. She had a daughter Persephone. Once when Persephone was gathering flowers with her girl – friends in the field the earth opened and a chariot appeared before her. A gloomy – looking man got out of the chariot, seized Persephone, put her into the chariot, and the earth closed over them. The friends of Persephone looked for her for a long time, and when evening came they told Demeter everything. Demeter became very sad. She went over land and sea looking for her daughter. She went to Helios who told her that Persephone had been taken away by Hades to the underworld. The sorrow of Demeter was great, she was weeping all the time, she never smiled. Everything on the earth began to fade. There was no fruit upon the trees, no flowers on the ground. Zeus understood that if he didn’t help to solve this difficult problem, everything would die.

So he sent Hermes down to Hades, the dark king to ask him to allow Persephone to see her mother. But before Hades let her go, he had given her a pomegranate to eat, because he knew that if she ate a pomegranate she would return. Then the great chariot was brought before the door of the palace. Hermes and Persephone stepped in it and drove away.

When Demeter saw her daughter, her joy was greater than her sorrow had been. She said: “I have not seen you for such a long time. I’ll never let yon go again to the dark kingdom of Hades”.

But Persephone said she would have to go back to Hades in six months because she had eaten the pomegranate. She said that Hades was very kind to her, though he never smiled and everything in his palace was dark. Hades promised to let her stay with Demeter for six months every year. Another six months she was to spend with him.

Demeter was happy for her daughter, and everything that grew on earth felt that her anger and sorrow had passed. The hills and gardens were green again and the corn in the fields became golden.

The six months passed and Hermes came with the chariot to take Persephone to the dark kingdom. She asked Demeter not to weep. “When six months pass Hades will let me come to you again”, she said. But Demeter was in sorrow again thinking of the happy days when Persephone was a child and gathered flowers in the fields and played with other girls. Now every year when Persephone goes to the kingdom of Hades everything on earth begins to fade and autumn comes. When Persephone comes back to her mother spring begins. Nature awakens from its long winter sleep.

I’m sure that you’ve understood everything and can do the next exercise. (Task 2)

What was Demeter?
What was her daughter’s name?
What was the name of the god who stole Persephone?
Who helped him steal Persephone?
When did Persephone come back?
What happens in nature when Persephone comes back home?

Your answers were correct. Did you like the myth about Demeter and her daughter Persephone?

Homework: to speak about any myth you like

Task 1

Complete the sentences:

1. A myth is…	over 40,000 years
2. To fill the gap ancient people	a story which is a product of imagination
3. A legend is…	used their imagination
4. For ancient Greeks the religion was	a story which reflects historical events
5. The Greek history is	a part of everyday life

Task 2

Choose the right variant:

the goddess of earth and harvest
the queen of the underworld
the fairy of the tale

Persephone
Aphrodite
Hermes

the Olympus
the field of flowers
her mother

nature awakens from its long winter sleep
everything begins to fade
the story comes to an end

imagination	воображение
Ancient Greeks	Древние греки
to fill the gap	заполнить пустоту
human	человеческий
sorrow	скорбь, печаль
Demeter	Деметра
chariot	колесница
seize	схватить
Helios	Гелиос
Hades	Аид
Persephone	Персефона
to weep	плакать
to fade	увядать
Zeus	Зевс
Hermes	Гермес
pomegranite	гранат

Источник информации: книга для чтения УМК “Easy Reading”(авторы Г. Выборова, К. Махмурян, О. Мельчина), Москва, “АСТ – Пресс”, 1998г

Самая красивая легенда связанная с Черноморским побережьем, это легенда о Прометее.Доброе сердце Прометея отличало его среди других титанов. Благодоря своей доброте,он совершил подвиги по отношению к людям.Прометей научил людей земледелию, приручил для них лошадей, научил морскому делу, и самое главное - подарил людям божественный огонь.Зевс обвинил Прометея.Он приказал его приковать к скале на Кавказе, где каждый день прилетающий орел, выклёвывающий у Прометея печень.В течении ночи печень вновь вырастала.Казнь Прометея длилась долгие годы, до тех пор, пока Геракл не сумел убить орла.

The most beautiful legend associated with the Black Sea coast, is the legend of Prometheus Prometee.Dobroe heart set him apart among the other giants. Thanks to his kindness, he had committed deeds in relation to lyudyam.Prometey taught people agriculture, domesticated for their horses, taught seamanship, and most importantly - gave people the divine ogon.Zevs accused Prometeya.On ordered him chained to a rock in the Caucasus, where each day arrived eagle hatch from Prometheus pechen.V throughout the night the liver again vyrastala.Kazn Prometheus lasted for many years, until, until Heracles failed to kill the eagle.

Это вам в помощь
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: \8;`1;_9;_6;_1;_2;^9;a3;`2;, "forethought")[1] is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals.[2] Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind.The Prometheus myth first appeared in the late 8th-century BC Greek epic poet Hesiod's Theogony (lines 507-616). He was a son of the Titan, Iapetus by Themis or Clymene, one of the Oceanids.
He was brother to Menoetius, Atlas, and Epimetheus. In the Theogony, Hesiod introduces Prometheus as a lowly challenger to Zeus' omniscience and omnipotence. In the trick at Mecone, a sacrificial meal marking the "settling of accounts" between mortals and immortals, Prometheus played a trick against Zeus (545-557). He placed two sacrificial offerings before the Olympian: a selection of beef hidden inside an ox's stomach (nourishment hidden inside a displeasing exterior), and the bull's bones wrapped completely in "glistening fat" (something inedible hidden inside a pleasing exterior). Zeus chose the latter, setting a precedent for future sacrifices; henceforth, humans would keep the meat for themselves and burn the bones wrapped in fat as an offering to the gods. This angered Zeus, who hid fire from humans in retribution. Prometheus in turn stole fire in a giant fennel-stalk and gave it back to mankind. This further enraged Zeus, who sent Pandora, the first woman, to live with men.[3] She was fashioned by Hephaestus out of clay and brought to life by the four winds, with all the goddesses of Olympus assembled to adorn her. "From her is the race of women and female kind," Hesiod writes; "of her is the deadly race and tribe of women who live amongst mortal men to their great trouble, no helpmeets in hateful poverty, but only in wealth."

Prometheus, in eternal punishment, is chained to a rock in the Caucasus, where his liver is eaten out daily by an eagle,[4] only to be regenerated by night, which, by legend, is due to his immortality.[5] Years later, the Greek hero Heracles (Hercules) would shoot the eagle and free Prometheus from his chains.[6]

Hesiod revisits the story of Prometheus in the Works and Days (lines 42-105). Here, the poet expands upon Zeus' reaction to the theft of fire. Not only does Zeus withhold fire from men, but "the means of life," as well (42). Had Prometheus not provoked Zeus' wrath (44-47), "you would easily do work enough in a day to supply you for a full year even without working; soon would you put away your rudder over the smoke, and the fields worked by ox and sturdy mule would run to waste." Hesiod also expands upon the Theogony's story of the first woman, now explicitly called Pandora ("all gifts"). After Prometheus' theft of fire, Zeus sent Pandora in retaliation. Despite Prometheus' warning, Epimetheus accepted this "gift" from the gods. Pandora carried a jar with her, from which were released (91-92) "evils, harsh pain and troublesome diseases which give men death".[7] Pandora shut the lid of the jar too late to contain all the evil plights that escaped, but hope remained in the jar.

The most beautiful legend is associated with The Black Sea coastline, this is the legend about Prometheus. The kind heart of Prometheus distinguished him from another titans. Owing to his kindness, he performed the feats with respect to people. Prometheus taught them in agriculture, domesticated the horses for their use, instructed in sea, but the foremost - he favoured them with the divine fire. Zeus accused Prometheus. He ordered to chain him to the rock thе Caucasus rock, where every day flew the eagle pecking out Prometheus liver. During the night the liver was emerging again. The execution of Prometheus had been enduring many years until Heracles was able to kill the eagle.

One day the Crimean Khan, who lived in Bakhchisaray, fell in love with a girl and decided to marry her. But the girl was from far away and missed her home and family very much. She often cried in one of the courtyards of the Palace. Unfortunately, the girl's heart broke and she died. In memory of his beloved, Khan decided to build a fountain of tears, from which later two roses had grown directly from the stone. Since then, the fountain pleases the visitors of the Palace with its beauty and unusual legend.

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