Транспортная система великобритании кратко на английском

Обновлено: 01.07.2024

The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world. Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail. Some railways in Great Britain are in the private sector, but they are subject to control by central government.

The United Kingdom is a member of the International Union of Railways.

The UK has the 18th largest railway network in the world and remains one of the densest rail networks. It is one of the busiest railways in Europe.

High-speed rail (above 124 mph) was first introduced in Great Britain in the 1970s by British Rail. The first implementation of high speed rail up to 186 mph in regular passenger service in Great Britain was the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, when its first phase opened in 2003.

Железнодорожный транспорт в Великобритании

Британская железнодорожная система, старейшая в мире, является членом Международного союза железных дорог. Она занимает 18 место в мире и считается одной из самых загруженных железных дорог Европы.

В Соединённом Королевстве есть как государственные, так и частные железные дороги, но все они контролируются правительством страны.

С 1970-х Британия занимается развитием скоростного движения. С 2003г. открыто скоростное пассажирское движение (186 миль в час) под проливом Ла-Манш.

ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНУЮ РАБОТУ № 3

Для выполнения заданий контрольной работы № 3 необходимо изучить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка (см. Таб.1, 1):

1. Времена глагола в действительном и страдательном залоге.

2. Сложные формы причастий и их функции в предложении (определение или обстоятельство).

3. Независимый причастный оборот.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ

I. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите его время и залог. Предложения переведите.

The test was done.

Past Indefinite Passive

Тест был выполнен.

(Тест выполняли /выполнили.

II. Подчеркните причастие. Определите его форму и функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Предложения переведите.

Being tested the new device showed good results.

Present Participle Passive (функция обстоятельства)

Когда прибор испытывали, он показал хорошие результаты.

(При испытании прибор показал хорошие результаты.)

III. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот. Предложения переведите:

Time permitting,we shall do this task.

She was reading a book,the book being in English.

Еслипозволит время,мы выполним это задание.

Она читала книгу, (причём) книга была на английском языке.

IV.Письменно передайте (в 4-5 предложениях) основное содержание текста:

(см. Образец оформления задания IV в Контрольной работе № 2)

3. ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ ИТБ(ИТ)

КУРС (КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ № 1 И № 2)

ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНУЮ РАБОТУ № 1

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задания на контрольную работу №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка (см. Таб.1, 5):

1. Времена глагола – Indefinite, Continuous и Perfect в страдательном залоге. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Функции (смысловая, вспомогательная, модальная, глагол-связка) глаголов to be и to have в предложении.

3. Словообразование (образование существительных, прилагательных и наречий) с помощью суффиксов.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола - причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) и прошедшего времени (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

5. Модальные глаголы, выражающие:

1) умение, физическую или умственную способность выполнения действия: can (could) и его эквивалент to be able to;

2) разрешение для выполнения действия: may (might) и его эквивалент

to be allowed to,

3) необходимость выполнения действия, долженствование: must и его эквиваленты to be to, to have to.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ

I. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите его время. Предложения переведите.

I am doing the test.

Present Continuous Active

Я выполняю сейчас тест.

The test was done.

Past Indefinite Passive

Тест был выполнен.

(Тест выполняли /выполнили.

II. Определите и укажите функции глаголов to be и to have. Предложения переведите.

I was to do the test.

Я должен был выполнить тест.

III. Образуйте с помощью суффиксов:

to develop → development

Все слова переведите на русский язык.

The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world. Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail. Some railways in Great Britain are in the private sector, but they are subject to control by central government.

The United Kingdom is a member of the International Union of Railways.

The UK has the 18th largest railway network in the world and remains one of the densest rail networks. It is one of the busiest railways in Europe.

High-speed rail (above 124 mph) was first introduced in Great Britain in the 1970s by British Rail. The first implementation of high speed rail up to 186 mph in regular passenger service in Great Britain was the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, when its first phase opened in 2003.

Железнодорожный транспорт в Великобритании

Британская железнодорожная система, старейшая в мире, является членом Международного союза железных дорог. Она занимает 18 место в мире и считается одной из самых загруженных железных дорог Европы.

В Соединённом Королевстве есть как государственные, так и частные железные дороги, но все они контролируются правительством страны.

С 1970-х Британия занимается развитием скоростного движения. С 2003г. открыто скоростное пассажирское движение (186 миль в час) под проливом Ла-Манш.

ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНУЮ РАБОТУ № 3

Для выполнения заданий контрольной работы № 3 необходимо изучить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка (см. Таб.1, 2):

1. Времена глагола в действительном и страдательном залоге.

2. Сложные формы причастий и их функции в предложении (определение или обстоятельство).

3. Независимый причастный оборот.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ

I. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите его время и залог. Предложения переведите.

The test was done.

Past Indefinite Passive

Тест был выполнен.

(Тест выполняли /выполнили.

II. Подчеркните причастие. Определите его форму и функцию (определение или обстоятельство). Предложения переведите.

Being tested the new device showed good results.

Present Participle Passive (функция обстоятельства)

Когда прибор испытывали, он показал хорошие результаты.

(При испытании прибор показал хорошие результаты.)

III. Подчеркните независимый причастный оборот. Предложения переведите:

Time permitting,we shall do this task.

She was reading a book,the book being in English.

Еслипозволит время,мы выполним это задание.

Она читала книгу, (причём) книга была на английском языке.

IV.Письменно передайте (в 4-5 предложениях) основное содержание текста:

(см. Образец оформления задания IV в Контрольной работе № 2)

3. ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ ИТБ(ИТ)

КУРС (КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ № 1 И № 2)

ЗАДАНИЯ НА КОНТРОЛЬНУЮ РАБОТУ № 1

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задания на контрольную работу №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка (см. Таб.1, 3):

1. Времена глагола – Indefinite, Continuous и Perfect в страдательном залоге. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Функции (смысловая, вспомогательная, модальная, глагол-связка) глаголов to be и to have в предложении.

3. Словообразование (образование существительных, прилагательных и наречий) с помощью суффиксов.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола - причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) и прошедшего времени (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства.

5. Модальные глаголы, выражающие:

1) умение, физическую или умственную способность выполнения действия: can (could) и его эквивалент to be able to;

2) разрешение для выполнения действия: may (might) и его эквивалент

to be allowed to,

3) необходимость выполнения действия, долженствование: must и его эквиваленты to be to, to have to.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ

I. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите его время. Предложения переведите.

I am doing the test.

Present Continuous Active

Я выполняю сейчас тест.

The test was done.

Past Indefinite Passive

Тест был выполнен.

(Тест выполняли /выполнили.

II. Определите и укажите функции глаголов to be и to have. Предложения переведите.

I was to do the test.

Я должен был выполнить тест.

III. Образуйте с помощью суффиксов:

to develop → development

Все слова переведите на русский язык.


Общие условия выбора системы дренажа: Система дренажа выбирается в зависимости от характера защищаемого.

Поперечные профили набережных и береговой полосы: На городских территориях берегоукрепление проектируют с учетом технических и экономических требований, но особое значение придают эстетическим.


Механическое удерживание земляных масс: Механическое удерживание земляных масс на склоне обеспечивают контрфорсными сооружениями различных конструкций.

You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.

If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.

People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110 km/h) on motorways.

When you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus, train, underground or taxi. The typical bus in London is a red double-decker. The first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829. It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.

The next to arrive were the trains; now there are twelve railway stations in London. The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863. Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use. The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels.

Транспорт в Британии

Вы можете добраться до Англии как угодно: самолетом, поездом, автомобилем или кораблем. Самый быстрый способ - самолет. В Лондоне есть три международных аэропорта: Хитроу, самый большой, соединенный с городом метрополитеном; Гетвик, на юге Лондона, с частым обслуживанием поездами; Лютон, самый маленький, используемый для чартерных рейсов.

Если вы приехали в Англию на поезде или на автомобиле, вы должны были пересечь пролив. Он обслуживается частыми корабельными рейсами и паромами, которые соединяют континент с юго-востоком Англии.

Люди в Британии водят автомобиль по левой стороне и, в основном, обгоняют по правой. Ограничение скорости - 30 миль в час (50 км/ч) по малым и большим городам и 70 миль в час (110 км/ч) на автостраде.

Когда вы в Лондоне, вы можете выбирать один из четырех видов транспорта: автобус, поезд, "подземка" или такси. Типичный автобус Лондона - двухэтажный омнибус красного цвета. Первый лондонский автобус начал ходить между Паддингтоном и Сити в 1829 году. Он перевозил 40 пассажиров и проезд стоил один шиллинг за 6 километров.

Следующими появились поезда; сейчас имеется двенадцать главных железнодорожных станций в Лондоне. Первая в мире линия метрополитена была открыта между Бейкер-стрит и Сити в 1863 году. Сейчас в эксплуатации находятся десять линий метрополитена и 273 станции метро. Лондонская "подземка" также носит название "Труба", из-за круговых очертаний ее глубоких туннелей.

Вопросы:
2. How many airports are there in London?
1. What is the fastest way of traveling?
4. What are some "rules" of driving in Britain?
3. What kind of service helps to cross the Channel?
6. Where was the first underground opened?
7. Why is London underground called the Tube?
5. What does typical bus in London look like?

Словарь:
charter flight - чартерный рейс
ferry-boat - паром
steamer - пароход
shilling - шиллинг
shape - форма
to reach - достигать
to overtake - обгонять
underground - метро

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Англо-русский словарь онлайн

5 тестов скорости!

You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.
If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.

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Транспорт Великобритании.doc

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Федеральное агентство по образованию РОУ ВПО

1 курса ПиМНО, 1а/н

Овчинникова Алеся Сергеевна

Проверил: старший преподаватель

кафедры иностранных языков БГПУ

Ермаков Роман Юрьевич

You can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.

If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.

People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110 km/h) on motorways.

When you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus, train, underground or taxi. The typical bus in London is a red double-decker. The first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829. It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.

The next to arrive were the trains; now there are twelve railway stations in London. The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863. Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use. The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels.

The first bicycles were introduced into Britain from France. There was a great craze for the hobby-horse or dandy-horse, though it was little more than a scooter. In 1839 a Scottish blacksmith, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, added pedals that drove the back wheel. But an invention in France in 1865 produced the more popular 'bone-shaker' bicycle, driven by pedals attached to the front wheel. To increase speed, the front wheel was made bigger and bigger until it measured five feet across with a back wheel of only 14-18 inches in diameter. This was known as the penny-farthing.

On a penny-farthing a rider perched five feet up on his saddle could have a nasty fall so it was the chain driven safety bicycle with wheels of equal size that became popular. Today's bicycle is very similar, with the addition of Dunlop's air-filled tyres, better brakes, a free wheel, three-speed gears and various types of handlebars.

Nowadays you can take your life in your hands and cycle around Britain. There are many cycle lanes set aside for this use, but don't be surprised if they run out in the middle of three lanes of traffic.

With the Industrial Revolution in the UK there was a need to transport coal more quickly and efficiently, efforts were made to improve water transport. The Duke of Bridgewater commissioned The Bridgewater canal, the first of its kind, so that large quantities of coal could be transported from his mines in Worsley, Lancashire, to Manchester, seven miles away (11 km). His engineer, James Brindley, designed a waterway that went to the very coalface of the mines and included an aqueduct across the River Irwell. The canal was so successful that on its opening, the price of coal in Manchester halved.

As factory and mine owners realized the value of water transport, the great canal age began. Between 1760 and 1840 nearly 4,000 miles (6,400km) of canal were built. These canals were vital to the new industries because they carried materials for building factories, for making cotton, iron or pottery goods, and then took these goods away to be sold once they were made.

The success of the railway saw the demise of Britain's canals, however interest in their maintenance has been revived recently as they now attract holiday makers.

It is usually agreed that a German, Carl Benz, built the first motor car in 1885. It was really a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Members of the Royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport; they were pleased when the Red Flag Act was removed in 1896.

Many of the early cars were two seaters, steered by a tiller, not a wheel. They had no hoods, so motorists wore goggles, hat-veils and short leather coats. There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns which occurred.

By 1905, cars began to look like cars today, with headlamps, bonnet, windscreen, rubber tyres and number plates. Roads were sprayed with hot tar to ensure a smoother ride and fewer punctures. Henry Ford's 'Model T', introduced in America in 1909, was cheaper because it was made on assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of 'ordinary people'.

The popularity of the car meant that registration was introduced in 1903 with the Motor Car Act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935. Today the legal driving age for a car or van in the UK is seventeen. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test, which involves three sections: a theory test, a hazard perception test and a supervised driving examination.

Forty years ago, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motorway, the Preston bypass, just one month before the M1. Until then, no one really understood what a motorway was, not even the labourers who were building it. The bypass hailed a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism.

Nowadays we have the M25 – affectionately known as the largest car park in the world.

Service stations came with the motorway and the legend of the transport café was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly since the days of chip butties and grey tea, but - whether it's an English cooked breakfast or a cappuccino and croissant - one thing has remained the same: the prices.

In 1852, Henri Giffard made the first powered airship flight in France. But it was Count von Zeppelin's rigid airship of 1900 that proved air travel was possible.

Powered aeroplane flight began in 1903 when the Wright Brothers flew their first machine in America. In 1919, a passenger service began between London and Paris and the first regular Atlantic crossings were made in 1937. The jet engine was successfully tried out during the Second World War.

The most famous British aeroplanes of all time have to be the Comet and Concorde. Even now, Concorde excites much admired for its beautiful design. It took its first ever commercial flight in 1976, with two planes taking off simultaneously from Paris and London. But the plane was just too costly and Concorde was doomed almost from the start.

The first man to combine the steam engines and wagon-ways was Richard Trevithick. An engineer, he designed a steam engine that could run on wheels in 1803. In 1804, his engine pulled wagons carrying 18 tonnes of iron ore and 70 men for five miles (14km) in South Wales, but it was so heavy that the track broke when it reached five miles per hour (8kph).

The rail transport system in Great Britain developed during the 19 th century. Britain's railways were initially owned by four companies, then during WWII they were taken into state control and they were nationalized in 1947. It wasn't until 1996 that they were privatized again!

The growth in road transport during the 1920s and 1930s greatly reduced revenue for the rail companies. Rail companies accused the government of favouring road haulage through the subsidized construction of roads. The railways entered a slow decline owing to a lack of investment and changes in transport policy and lifestyles. During the Second World War the companies' managements joined together, effectively forming one company. A maintenance backlog developed during the war, and the private sector only had two years to deal with this after the war ended. After 1945, for both practical and ideological reasons, the government decided to bring the rail service into the public sector.

Today there are 25 train operators who run the services. One infrastructure company – Network Rail. Three rolling stock companies. And all sorts of companies who do maintenance work on the 13,000 miles of track. There are also a number of government organizations like the Strategic Rail Authority and the Health and Safety Executive which are involved in running the railways, making the whole structure extremely complicated.

Broken tracks, leaves or the wrong type of snow on the line and trains past their sell by date are a feature of rail travel in the UK nowadays where, according to statistics, only two out of ten British trains are late, the main problem is they always seem to be my trains! If you have a problem when travelling by train in Britain there is a very good network called the Rail Passenger Council which deals with complaints and will also give a lot of advice on any problems you might have had.

After the Hatfield crash, speed limits were drastically reduced throughout Britain and train travel was seriously disrupted for months. Railtrack came close to bankruptcy due to the enormous cost of additional safety measures and was effectively re-nationalized when ownership of the railway system was transferred to the newly-created "not for profit" company limited by guarantee, Network Rail on October 3, 2002. Most of the private rail companies are heavily subsidized but much of the investment has not gone into regeneration or modernization. However, the government has resisted public pressure to return the network to the public sector.

London is a huge metropolitan area that is why public transport is vitally important for the city dwellers as well as tourists, for whom it might be quite confusing to get about London. Unlike Russian public transport, British transport system is reliable and quite cheap. However, due to the increase of car ownership, London traffic has become 3 times as heavy as it used to be and the length of the traffic jams increased dramatically. As a result, the problem of fatal car accidents appeared.

Apart from taxies, there are 2 main methods of transport in London: the Underground and the buses. Buses are best for sightseeing, especially double-decker buses. However, they are rather slow, especially during the rush hour. On the traditional double-decker there were no doors and passengers leaped up and off the bus and conductor was moving about and collecting fares from the passengers. However, nowadays fares are given directly to the driver or to the machine. Moreover, London transport has recently introduced single-decker buses which are called "Red Arrows".

London Underground, which is also called Tube, offers people more convenient, speedy and direct form of travel. The Underground was opened at the end of the 19th century, in 1884. Now there are more than 270 stations. You can recognize the Tube stations by the red and blue signs at the street level. There is no fixed fare, because it depends on the distance you travel. You can buy a ticket or a ticket-stub from a booking office clerk or from a machine. There are 8 different underground lines in the London Underground system. The travelers, who are not familiar with the Tube, should always consult the map.

So, London transport system is rapid and fast, but sometimes it can be really confusing.

Транспорт в Лондоне

Лондон является огромной столицей, поэтому общественный транспорт является жизненно важным для горожан и туристов, для которых передвижение по Лондону может быть очень трудным. В отличие от российского общественного транспорта, британская транспортная система является надежной и достаточно дешевой. Однако в связи с увеличением количества автомобилей, Лондонский трафик вырос в 3 раза, и длина пробок резко возросла. В результате, появились аварии с летальным исходом.

Кроме такси, есть два основных вида транспорта в Лондоне: метро и автобусы. Автобусы являются лучшими для осмотра достопримечательностей, особенно двухэтажные автобусы. Тем не менее, они двигаются довольно медленно, особенно в час пик. На традиционных двухэтажных не было дверей и пассажиры запрыгивали и выпригивали из автобуса, а кондуктор взымал плату с пассажиров. В настоящее время оплата проезда производится непосредственно у водителя. Кроме того, в Лондоне недавно появились одноэтажные автобусы, которые называются "Красная Стрела".

Лондонское метро, которое также называется Tube, является более удобной, быстрой и прямой формой путешествий. Подземка открылась в конце 19 века, в 1884 году. Сейчас есть более 270 станций. Вы можете узнать станции метро по красным и синим знакам на улицах. Нет фиксированной платы за проезд, потому что она зависит от расстояния поездки. Вы можете купить билет или жетон у клерка в кассе или в автомате. Есть 8 различных линий метро в Лондоне. Путешественникам, которые не знают метро, следует обязательно проконсультироваться с картой.

Таким образом Лондонская транспортная система является быстрой, но иногда она может быть очень запутанной.

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Transportation system in the UK Anastasia Marina Teacher of English Ermishins.

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

Transportation system in the UK Anastasia Marina Teacher of English Ermishins.

Transportation system in the UK Anastasia Marina Teacher of English Ermishinskaya School 2015

Where is Great Britain?

Where is Great Britain?


Airports One can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. .

Airports One can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.

Accross the Channel If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross.

Accross the Channel If you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.

Let’s take a ferry

Let’s take a ferry


Looking closer to London The capital of England is famous for its red buses c.

Looking closer to London The capital of England is famous for its red buses called “Double Decker”

Rules for drivers People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake.

Rules for drivers People in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110 km/h) on motorways.

London’s Underground The world’s first underground line was opened between B.

London’s Underground The world’s first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863.

 Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use.

Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use.

The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape.

The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels.

Famous London’s Black Cabs The capital of the Great Britain is full of small.

Famous London’s Black Cabs The capital of the Great Britain is full of small taxi-cars called Black Cabs. They have become so iconic that even the Museum of Madam Tussauds immortalized them in wax figures. Nowadays many tour companies offer a number of London Black Cab tours around the city center.


Thank you for attention!

Thank you for attention!

Список источников http://vzone.virgin.net/dvd.99/europe_countries_5.jpg http.

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Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Транспорт в Великобритании" (Transportation system in the UK) была разработана для проведения внеурочного занятия в 7 классе по ФГОС ООО как иллюстративный материал с целью введения и актуализации лексического материала и выработке умения употребения данной лексики в устной и письменной речи учащихся.

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