Живопись доклад на английском

Обновлено: 30.06.2024

Дорогой ученик! В этом материале подготовлен рассказ про искусство. Под английским текстом есть перевод на русский язык.

Art is a way to show one’s emotions or communicate one’s thoughts. Art is an important part of society. There are different forms of art.

Painting

Painting is a practice of applying paint or color to a surface. There are a lot of genres and styles.

There are a lot of famous artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci with his Mona Lisa and Raphael with his Sistine Madonna .

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.

Sculptors originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material) in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.

Theatre

Theatre is a form of art where a group of people performs in front of a live audience. The performance is usually based on a real or imagined event.

The performers communicate this experience to the public through gestures, songs and words.

Music

Music has always been an important part of society.

Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping.

Architecture

Architecture is the art that provides us with the physical environment we live in.

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.

Перевод на русский язык

Искусство – это способ передать свои эмоции или выразить свои мысли. Искусство является важной частью жизни общества. Существуют разные формы искусства.

Живопись

Живопись характеризуется нанесением краски или цвета на поверхность. В живописи есть много жанров и стилей.

Скульптура

Скульптура – это вид изобразительного искусства, произведения которого имеют объемную форму.

Скульпторы изначально использовали резьбу (удаление материала) и лепку (добавление материала) с камнем, металлом, керамикой, деревом и другими материалами, но со времен модернизма скульпторы почти не ограничены в выборе материалов и техники работы.

Театр

Театр – это вид искусства, в котором группа людей выступает перед аудиторией. Представление, как правило, основано на реальных или выдуманных событиях.

Актеры общаются с публикой с помощью жестов, песен и слов.

Музыка

Музыка всегда была важной частью жизни общества.

Музыка исполняется самыми разными инструментами и вокальными техниками, начиная от пения и заканчивая ритмичным речитативом (рэпом).

Архитектура

Архитектура – это искусство, обеспецивающее нас физической окружающей средой, в которой мы живем.

Архитектура – это одновременно процесс и продукт планирования, дизайна и возведения зданий или других строений.

Топик Живопись рассказывает о виде изобразительного искусства, связанного с передачей зрительных образов посредством нанесения красок на жесткую или гибкую поверхность. В живописи преобладают работы, выполненные масляными красками, но могут использоваться и другие красители: темпера, акриловые краски и др. Картины пишутся в основном на холсте, натянутом на раму или наклеенном на картон. В прошлом широко применялись деревянные доски, могут использоваться любые плоские материалы. Монументальная живопись (в Египте, Древней Греции и средневековой Европе) выполняется непосредственно на стенах и потолках зданий и других сооружений. В прошлом преобладала живопись водными красками по сырой штукатурке – фреска (в Италии). Цветные изображения на бумаге (акварель, гуашь, пастель и др.) рассматриваются как живописные. Средневековую живопись сменила эпоха Ренессанса, затем барокко, импрессионизм, настенная живопись, абстрактное искусство и т.д. Живопись сочетается со многими другими видами искусства, включая скульптуру, архитектуру, и, в современную эпоху, фотографию.

Painting is direct application of pigment to a surface to produce by tones of color or of light and dark some representation or decorative arrangement of natural or imagined forms.

Materials and Techniques

Painters use a number of materials to produce the effects they need. These include the materials of the surface, or ground; the pigments employed; the binder, or medium, in which the color is mixed; and its diluting agent. Among the various media used by artists are fresco, watercolor, oil, distemper, gouache, tempera, and encaustic. In addition to these, painting properly embraces many other techniques ordinarily associated with drawing, a term that is often used to refer to the linear aspects of the same art. If painting and drawing are not always clearly distinguishable from each other, both are to be distinguished from the print (or work of graphic art), in which the design is not produced directly but is transferred from another surface to that which it decorates. While the print may be one of many identical works, the painting or drawing is always unique. Painting has been freely combined with many other arts, including sculpture, architecture, and, in the modern era, photography.

In ancient Greece and medieval Europe most buildings and sculptures were painted; nearly all of the ancient decoration has been lost but some works from Egypt have preserved their coloring and give us an insight into the importance such an art can assume. The art of painting in China was linked from the 1st cent. AD with the development of the Buddhist faith. Early Christian and then Byzantine artists established iconographic and stylistic prototypes in wall painting and manuscript illumination that remained the basis for Christian art (see iconography).

Highly spiritualized in concept, the medieval painting tradition gave way to a more worldly orientation with the development of Renaissance art. The murals of Giotto became a vehicle for the expression of new and living ideas and sentiments. At the height of the Renaissance a large proportion of the works were decorations of walls and altarpieces, which were necessarily conceived in terms of their part in a larger decorative whole and their appeal for a large public. The greatest masterpieces of Raphael and Michelangelo and of the Florentine masters are generally public works of this character. The same period also saw the rise of the separate easel painting and the first use of oil on canvas. Simultaneously are found the beginnings of genre and other secular themes and the elaboration of portraiture.

Basing their art on the technical contributions of the Renaissance, e.g., the study of perspective and anatomy, the baroque masters added a virtuosity of execution and a style of unparalleled drama. From the age of the rococo, painting tended in the direction of greater intimacy. It is noteworthy, for example, that many of the masterpieces of the 19th cent., and particularly of impressionism , are small easel paintings suitable for the private home. The same period saw the rise of the large public gallery with both temporary and permanent exhibitions, an institution greatly expanded in the 20th cent.

A reawakened interest in mural painting and the contributions of painting to such arts as the motion picture and video have led some to believe that a return to a greater emphasis on the public functions of the art is taking place. Such a view can find support in the notable influence of abstract painting in the fields of industrial and architectural design. This art also continues to enjoy undiminished popularity in the home and gallery. Painting has had a long and glorious world history as an independent art. From Giotto to Picasso and from Ma Yuan to Hokusai , painting has never ceased to produce great exponents who have expressed not merely the taste but the aspirations, the concepts of space, form, and color, and the philosophy of their respective periods.

Classicism is a style of art practised especially in the 18th century in Europe. It follows the ancient Greek or Roman principles of harmony, regularity and balance. The artist does not attempt to express strong emotions or give way to feeling. It is often contrasted with Romanticism. The most notable artists who painted in this style are French painters Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin.

Классицизм — стиль и направление в искусстве XVII — начала XIX в., ознаменовавшие возвращение к античному наследию как к норме и идеальному образцу.

* * *

Romanticism is a style in art which tries to depict feelings and emotions. This movement in the arts and literature originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. It is often contrasted with Classicism.

На картине изображён странник (это сам художник), стоящий на тёмной, крутой скале. Он повёрнут спиной к зрителю, волосы развеваются на ветру. Странник смотрит на клочья тумана, глубины горных расщелин. Острые пики кое-где возвышаются над туманом, а вдалеке видны горные гряды. Над ними — небо в линиях облаков.

Эта картина — больше, чем просто пейзаж. Здесь природа представляет собой внешнее выражение внутреннего состояния, настроения байронического героя, изображённого на переднем плане. Горы и облака являются частью души героя, также как и он сам является частью их.

Realism is an art movement or style which represents people or things like in real life (lifelike pictures). It followed Romanticism in the 19th century.

Impressionism is a style of painting developed in France in the 19th century (between 1870 and 1900) which concentrated on showing the effects of light on things rather than on clear and exact detail. When first appeared the paintings by impressionists shoked many people as they depict ordinary life full of light and energy in contrast to the formal school of painting.

Surrealism is a style in art and literature in which ideas, images, and objects are combined in a strange way, like in a dream. (drealike images)

Эта небольшая картина (24×33 см) — вероятно, самая известная работа Дали. Размягченность висящих и стекающих часов — образ, выражающий уход от линейного понимания времени. Здесь присутствует и сам Дали в виде спящей головы, уже появлявшейся в некоторых его других картинах.

Cubism is a style of art, begun in the early 20th century, in which objects are represented as if they could be seen from several different positions at the same time, using many lines and geometric shapes.This style was created by Picasso and Braque.

Expressionism is a style of art which uses symbols, exaggerated shapes and colours to express the inner world of emotion rather than reality. It was founded by the Norwegian painter Edvard Munch at the beginning of the 20th century.

Abstract art is art that does not attempt to represent reality but it is an arragement of shape and colours. It became popular in the 20th century.

Wassily Kandinsky. Improvisation №26 (Rowing) 1912/ Василий Кандинский Импровизация 26 (Гребля)

These arts styles have existed over the years but in these days of rapd change, it is not easy to predict what kind of art we will be enjoying in 50 years’s time. Of course, traditional art and abstract art will stil be around. However, we may find that artists prefer to work with computers more and more because of the control it gives them. We may discover that computers are capable of creating art on their own.

Познавательный топик на английском языке "Painting" расскажет вам о таком виде исскуства как живопись.

Painting direct application of pigment to a surface to produce by tones of color or of light and dark some representation or decorative arrangement of natural or imagined forms.

See also articles on individual painters, e.g., Rubens ; countries, e.g., Dutch art ; periods, e.g., Renaissance art and architecture ; techniques, e.g., encaustic .
Materials and Techniques

Painters use a number of materials to produce the effects they desire. These include the materials of the surface, or ground; the pigments employed; the binder, or medium, in which the color is mixed; and its diluting agent. Among the various media used by artists are fresco , watercolor , oil, distemper, gouache, tempera , and encaustic . In addition to these, painting properly embraces many other techniques ordinarily associated with drawing , a term that is often used to refer to the linear aspects of the same art.

If painting and drawing are not always clearly distinguishable from each other, both are to be distinguished from the print (or work of graphic art), in which the design is not produced directly but is transferred from another surface to that which it decorates. While the print may be one of many identical works, the painting or drawing is always unique. Painting has been freely combined with many other arts, including sculpture, architecture, and, in the modern era, photography.
History

In ancient Greece and medieval Europe most buildings and sculptures were painted; nearly all of the ancient decoration has been lost, but some works from Egypt have preserved their coloring and give us an insight into the importance such an art can assume. The art of painting in China was linked from the 1st cent. AD with the development of the Buddhist faith. Early Christian and then Byzantine artists established iconographic and stylistic prototypes in wall painting and manuscript illumination that remained the basis for Christian art (see iconography ).

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