Are there charity shops or charity organizations in your country 8 класс сочинение
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г.о. Электросталь, Московской области
CHARITABLE ORGANISATIONS IN BRITAIN AND RUSSIA.
CHARITY IN MY LIFE (PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICE)
Благотворительные организации в Британии и России. Благотворительность в моей жизни (Личный опыт и вклад)
учащийся _8_ класса
Учитель английского языка
Данная работа представляет собой исследовательский проект, подготовленный учащейся 8 класса Мартиной Ксенией на актуальную в наше время тему благотворительности. Работая над представленной темой, она раскрывает смысл благотворительности, даёт сравнительную характеристику видам благотворительности в Британии и России, приводя примеры некоторых благотворительных организаций с их направлениями работы в данной области.
К работе над данным проектом её сподвигло большое желание узнать что-то новое в данной области, поделиться теми сведениями о благотворительности, которыми она обладает сама, а также дать возможность узнать о некоторых современных молодёжных благотворительных движениях, которые есть в нашем городе.
В заключении Ксения приводит статистику вовлеченности людей в благотворительность, а также результаты интервью с представителями данной сферы деятельности.
Charitable organizations in Britain and Russia 5
From the History of charity organization in England and Russia 5
How many charities are there in the UK? 6
Governmental and Non-governmental organizations 7
What's wrong with charity. Arguments against charities 17
Charity in my life (Personal experience and practice)…………………………………………………….20
What brought me there. 21
The attitude of people to my work………………………………………………………………………. 21
Why do people help others in general? Social survey……………………………………………….……23
Some words from the members of the local Charitable organisations……………………………………24
Today, charity has become the basis for the formation of professional activities such as "social work". The development of various forms of assistance is also characterised by material and humanitarian assistance. In recent years, the Russian society has expanded the social base of individuals in need of support - disabled people, many elder people, refugees, immigrants, homeless, animals in danger, etc.
Migration, unemployment, crime, family destruction, the growth of social deviations - this is the social background that determines the scale and severity of the problem of the development of the charity movement in the world. Activities carried out within the framework of state policy do not alleviate the problems of these categories of population. In addition, charitable support is needed not only for the disabled, migrants or the unemployed, but also for other social groups that have not been able to adapt to the changed realities in a valuable, professional and status-role attitude, as well as children in need of expensive treatment, with disabilities, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to search for charity resources, create conditions to conduct charity.
To encourage learners to use English in a creative way
To develop learners’ speaking skills for fluency
To develop skills of persuasion in spoken English
To encourage learners to think about the role of charities
So, the relevance of this study is that today in modern Russia there are serious problems in comparison with the development of social assistance in England. Charity currently plays an important role, as today there is a return of not only state charitable assistance, but also private organizations, as well as the charity of individual legal entities.
CHARITABLE ORGANISATIONS IN BRITAIN AND RUSSIA
A charitable organization or charity is a non-profit organization (NPO) whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. charitable , educational , religious , or other activities serving the public interest or common good ).
Charitable organizations often depend partly on donations from businesses. Such donations to charitable organizations represent a major form of corporate philanthropy.
From the History of charity organizations in England and Russia
Britain has a long history of charitable giving. The oldest registered charity dates back to the Twelfth Century. Many of the earliest charities were founded by religious groups, the nobility, or wealthy individuals to help the neediest members of society.
This was normally the poor – especially orphans and widows and the sick or disabled. Help would be provided in the form of shelter, food, clothing and caring for the sick. Charitable organizations often took the form of hospitals, orphanages and poor houses.
As the number of charities has increased over the centuries, so has the range of causes. While many charities are still focused on helping the poor and caring for the sick and injured, many others are tackling global issues like climate change, conflict, and HIV and AIDS. It's interesting to note that in Britain health charities like Cancer Research remain the most popular cause to donate to.
The first charitable organizations in Russia is considered to be the monasteries, which Prince Vladimir ordered to engage in "contempt for the needy." This decree was issued in 988, and Ivan the terrible created the first almshouse, which is the prototype of the modern charitable Foundation. Funds for their activities were allocated from the state Treasury. In addition, the rich members of society had an obligation to give alms. Peter the great considered charity to be one of the important spheres of public life.
Providing charitable assistance in Russia has an old tradition. A turning point in the development of charity, according to many historians and researchers, was the adoption of Christianity, which called for mercy and love. Charity has passed a significant way of its formation and development.
How many charities are there in the UK?
Today there are over 180,000 registered charities in the UK employing thousands of people to work all over the world on a huge range of issues. This usually includes working 'on the ground' to provide support and relief services like vaccinations, pet care, sanitation or shelter, as well as campaigning to change government legislation and raising awareness to change people's attitudes.
In the UK, about 50% of adults donate to charity which means they have one of the highest giving levels of any country in the world. As most UK charities don't receive any money from the government, donations from individuals are the most important source of funding for a charity to carry out its work.
In the past, charitable donations tended to be quite localized – for example giving to the parish church or hospital, but today around a quarter of donors give to overseas causes. International aid charities like the British Red Cross and Oxfam use a lot of their funds to help people in countries affected by natural and manmade disasters – for example the earthquake in Haiti, the Pakistan floods and the conflict in the Ivory Coast.
H.E. PekkaHaavisto , Minister for International Development of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Finland at the first World NGO Day , Helsinki , Finland in 2014
Governmental and Non-governmental organizations
Governmental charity , which can be considered from a modern point of view as a system of social protection. There are also two types of such charity:
-Funding from the budget of charitable institutions and societies not owned by the state;
-Creation of own system of institutions with the purpose of social protection of the population.
The state not only takes measures to provide assistance, but also formally recognizes the obligation to ensure the existence of any poor person. In this connection, a special tax on the poor is needed.
Assistance should be provided in a certain area. That is the territorial principle.
Begging, begging should be banned. From what follows the following property.
The government must force the healthy to work.
It is impossible to separate these species from each other by rigid boundaries, due to their mutual complementarity and financial support.
Health charities cover everything from supporting and treating the sick and disabled, working on cures for deseases, and promoting public awareness of specific health risks.
Disease & Disorder Charities
The British Heart Foundation ( BHF ) is a charity organization in the United Kingdom. It funds research to beat heartbreak from heart and circulatory diseases and their risk factors.
The British Heart Foundation was founded in 1961 by a group of medical professionals , who were concerned about the increasing death rate from cardiovascular disease . They wanted to fund extra research into the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart and circulatory diseases.
Charitable Foundation "Life" helps children with cancer and oncohematological diseases (mainly in the Department of surgical Oncology RDKB), citizens of Russia and the CIS (only in the treatment in Russia).
Charity Fund "Rusfond" helps seriously ill children, promoting the development of civil society, the introduction of high medical technologies.
Medical Services & Treatment
The National Health Service provides free medical treatment both in hospital and outside. People may use the N.H.S. and they may go to doctors as private patients. Many people who have enough money prefer to be private patients because they think that they can in that way establish more personal relations with the doctor or because they do not want to be put in a large room with other patients. The patient in England can choose between the N.H.S. and private treatment at any time. Moreover he can take one part with the service, the other - privately. If a patient is dissatisfied with his N.H.S. family doctor or dentist, he may change to another one. In fact, 97% of the population use the N.H.S.
Healthcare in Russia is provided by the state through the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, and regulated through the Ministry of Health.The Constitution of the Russian Federation has provided all citizens the right to free healthcare since 1996. In 2008, 621,000 doctors and 1.3 million nurses were employed in Russian healthcare. The number of doctors per 10,000 people was 43.8, but only 12.1 in rural areas. The number of general practitioners as a share of the total number of doctors was 1.26 percent. There are about 9.3 beds per thousand population—nearly double the OECD average.
The Fund was founded in 2009. It provides targeted financial assistance in the treatment of children with cancer, Hematology, cardiology and other serious diseases. Among the donors are both private and corporate benefactors. The clinics with which the organization cooperates are located both in Russia and abroad. The Foundation declares the following principle of choosing the place of treatment: "where the highest rates of recovery."
The Fund attracts funds by advertising in major media: Ren-TV, ID "Kommersant", "Forbes", RBC, etc. It is located in St. Petersburg Central office, additional - in Moscow.
Environmental Conservation & Protection
Parks and Nature Centers
The world's largest non-profit environmental organization, which gathered under its banners more than five million supporters is WWF. It was founded by British biologist and businessman Julian Huxley, the first General Director of UNESCO. Huxley was amazed at the speed with which the destruction of the local East Africa flora and fauna is taking place in this region, and immediately began to "sound the alarm" by publishing disturbing articles. His appeal was heard, and on September 11, 1961 the WWF charitable organization was officially registered, the main office of which was located in Switzerland.
Over the decades of its existence, the representatives of the world Fund managed to implement many projects. So, in 200 years within the Altai-Sayan project they fought for the preservation of the unique diversity of plants and animals in southern Siberia, and in 2002 launched the campaign "Save the leopard!", aimed at protecting one of the rarest predators of the earth - the far Eastern leopard. By the way, the symbol of WWF was also a rare animal listed in the international Red book – the big Panda.
Scottish society for the prevention of cruelty to animals (eng. Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Scottish SPCA, SSPCA) – the leading Scottish charitable society for the protection of animals. It was founded in Edinburgh in 1839. Currently, the society contains 12 centers for rescue and rehabilitation of animals, which serve more than 10 thousand pets annually. The Company's head office is in Dunfermline.
At the beginning of 1924, the staff of the Department of nature protection of the people's Commissariat of education of the RSFSR lit up with the idea to create an environmental community, but not as a government structure, but as a voluntary Society for nature protection. During the first years the Society was mainly engaged in the promotion of respect for nature; members of the organization gave lectures, created exhibitions and conducted eco-tours for Soviet citizens. The main concern of the Society in the postwar years was the greening of Soviet cities and the protection of water bodies, including such world-famous lakes as lake Baikal and Seliger. So, in early August, the regional Department of the Irkutsk region offered the citizens to get together and spend a few hours on what to clean up the garbage from the shore of the most beautiful pond in the world. By the way, today the PLO has offices in every region of the country.
Another environmental organization founded in our country. Mikhail Gorbachev announced its creation in June 1992 at the earth summit in Rio de Janeiro. Although this idea he voiced a few years before, in 1990: then the head of the USSR in the framework of the Global forum on environment and development put forward for discussion the idea to establish an analogue of The International Red Cross, which will solve not medical, but global environmental problems beyond the competence of individual countries. In 1993, the Soviet organization united with the Swiss World of the Green Cross and in 1993 formed the international Green Cross known to us today.
Branches of the Green Cross can be found in thirty countries around the world, and the organization's programs are aimed not only at saving certain species of animals. Thus, the domestic Green Cross carries out the program "Heritage", aimed at the safe destruction of accumulated chemical weapons in the country, and" Renewable energy", engaged in the search and development of alternative energy sources.
NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by volunteers. NGOs are highly diverse groups of organizations engaged in a wide range of activities, and take different forms in different parts of the world. Some may have charitable status, while others may be registered for a tax exemption. Others may be the fronts for political, religious, or other interests. Since the end of World War II , NGOs have had an increasing role in international development , particularly in the fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation.
The number of NGOs worldwide is estimated to be 10 million. Russia had ab out 11,000 NGOs in 2018.
The term 'NGO' is not always used consistently. In some countries the term NGO is applied to an organization that in another country would be called an NPO (non-profit organization), and vice versa. Political parties and trade unions are considered NGOs only in some countries. There are many different classifications of NGO in use. The most common focus is on "orientation" and "level of operation". An NGO's orientation refers to the type of activities it takes on. These activities may include human rights, environmental, improving health, or development work. According to an organization works an NGO's level can be local, regional, national, or international.
International NGOs (Non-governmental organizations) are typically charities that are headquartered in one country but work in other countries. In some cases they overlap with other types of charities. Here are just few of then.
Charity
Благотворительность
Sometimes different difficulties happen. Often people have no opportunity to solve these problems by themselves. In this case they can apply to charitable organisations for a help. Such organisations are aimed to help people who need such help.
Иногда возникают разные трудности. Часто люди не имеют возможности самостоятельно решить эти проблемы. В этом случае они могут обратиться за помощью в благотворительные организации. Такие организации призваны помочь людям, которые нуждаются в такой помощи.
Why do people work for charitable causes? The main reason why people do it is just the readiness to do good and to help other people. Many people understand how important to be the part of the society and the world we live in. They understand that what they do can be the great help for somebody.
Почему люди занимаются благотворительностью? Главная причина, по которой люди делают это – желание делать добро и помогать другим людям. Многие люди понимают, насколько важно быть частью общества и мира, в котором мы живем. Они понимают, что то, что они делают, может быть большой помощью для кого-то.
Charity can have different forms. It can be long-term when it does not depend on particular events or situations, for example, the work of different charitable funds aimed to help people who have some diseases or help students who need to go to some country to gain experience at particular university of that country. Some charitable organisations are established for a short term, for example, to help people who have sufferred from some natural disaster. Charitable organisations can be established by the government, local authorities or even a particular person.
Благотворительность может иметь разные формы. Она может быть долгосрочной, когда не зависит от конкретных событий или ситуаций, например, работа различных благотворительных фондов, направленных на помощь людям, имеющим некоторые заболевания, или помощь учащимся, которым необходимо поехать в другую страну, чтобы получить опыт в конкретном университете этой страны. Некоторые благотворительные организации создаются на короткий срок, например, чтобы помочь людям, пострадавшим от стихийного бедствия. Благотворительные организации могут быть созданы правительством, местными властями или даже отдельным человеком.
What can be done for charitable causes? Of course, people can donate something to charity. Money is one of the most common donation. It is also possible to donate clothes, food and different things. One more way to work for charitable causes is to improve environmental conditions or to transfer the knowledge.
Что можно сделать в благотворительных целях? Конечно, люди могут пожертвовать что-то на благотворительность. Деньги – одна из самых распространенных форм пожертвования. Также возможно передать одежду, еду и разные вещи. Еще один способ – улучшение окружающих условий или передача знаний.
Презентация на английском языке о благотворительных организациях России, которые оказывают помощь людям, находящимся в трудных жизненных ситуациях .Данная работа является творческим проектом к учебнику английского языка для 7 класса ( УМК под редакцией В.П. Кузовлева , Н.М. Лапа и др.)
| Вложение | Размер |
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| Благотворительные организации России | 337.79 КБ |
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Charity Organisations in Russia Работу выполнил ученик 7 класса Троценко Юрий МБОУ сош.№1 г. Донецк Ростовская область Руководитель: Киселева Н.Н.
"Russian Children's Fund" (OOBF "RDF") - the country's first public organization for childhood It was founded in October, 1987. There are 74 departments in Russia. They realize many programs. "Emergency social assistance" - a charity to help children and families (money, clothing, food, school supplies, etc.), charitable assistance to needy graduates of orphanages, children with disabilities, charitable non-recurring payments to students orphans. Tens of thousands of orphans, disabled children, children from poor families receive targeted assistance.
. HELP - a Charity Internet Organisation helps seriously ill people, health - and children's agencies
The Charity Fond “ Sozidanie ” was founded in April, 2001. It takes care for poor families and families of many children, for orphans, seriously ill or disabled children and people in difficult life situations. .
The Charitable Fond “Predanie" provides assistance to people in need and other volunteers organizations. It was founded by the private persons.
The PUBLIC FOUND by V. SMIRNOV supports charities, social and cultural initiatives, provides directory assistance.
The Private Charity Fond "Danilovcy” was organized in 2010. It works in 4 directions: - seriously ill and disabled children, orphans, - elderly people and invalids, - the homeless and prisoners, - donor ship.
. The Charity Fond “CHARITY ADDRESSES ” It raises money and donate it people who are in difficult life circumstances and realizes other charity projects.
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Charity begins at home A charity an organization that благотворительная helps poor people организация A volunteer a person who helps добровольный without money помощник, волонтер Voluntary work without any добровольная money помощь Charity kindness in giving благотворительность help
Some of the most famous charity organizations are Oxfam, Age Concern, the RSPCA, the British Heart Foundation and Marie Curie Cancer Care.
People donate money to charity organizations or volunteer to help them run money. Many of these organizations run charity shops.
Charity shops sell goods at very bargain prices. The items for sale are usually second-hand and donated by members of the public. These include books, records, CDs, clothes, accessories, household items, furniture and costumes for special occasions such as Halloween.
The staff who work at charity shops are volunteers, so most of the profits from the sales go towards the charity.
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