Historical places of moscow реферат
Обновлено: 05.07.2024
Moscow was fist mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier post. It is the official date of the foundation of Moscow; Thought the settlement had been there for some time before. It was fortified and became a market town in the late 12 th century. The town was almost to tally destroyed in 1237 and 1293 during the Tatar invasion. It was again captured by the Tatars in 1382. And it was Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy who led the Russian troops to a decisive victory over the invader in the battle of Kulikovo field in 1380.
By the 15 th century Moscow turned into a wealthy city. It was under Ivan Шthat Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. At that time the Kremlin
Was rebuilt and the Kremlin Cathedrals were erected.
By the 15 th century Moscow turned into a wealthy city. It was under Ivan Ш that Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy at the time the Kremlin was rebuilt and the Kremlin Cathedrals were erected.
During the time of Troubles Moscow was occupied by the Polish invaders but they were routed by the popular levy headed by Minin and Pozharsky.
By the end of the 15 th century Moscow extended its rule over most of central and northern Russia. Its rulers continued to build fortifications around it.
The transfer of the capital by Peter the Great to St.Petersburg in 1712 brought a period of decline to Moscow.
Moscow is known for its beautiful old Cathedrals, churches and monasteries. Some of them date from the 15th to the 17th centuries. The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. This is the main tourist attraction in Moscow the Kremlin stands at the heart of the city. The word “Kremlin” means “fortress”, and the Moscow Kremlin use to be a fortress. In the 15 th century, by order of grand duke Ivan Шthe Kremlin was surrounded by a new red-brick wall.
I have a special liking for the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral. They are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old Cathedrals. The Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tsar-Cannon and the Tsar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid – 16 th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Burma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece.
The Moscow Kremlin is the ancient centre of Moscow. It is located on Borovitsky Hill on the left lank the Moskva river and considered one of the most beautiful architectural ensembles in the world.
In 1156 the Kremlin was fortified with ramparts and in 1367 white stone towers and walls were erected. Brick buildings were added between 1485 and 1495.
The Moscow Kremlin contains fine examples of Russian architecture of the 15 th to 17 th centuries the Cathedrals of the Domination, the Annunciation and the Archangel. Ivan the Great’s Bell Tower, the Faceted Palace, the Terem Palace, the Senate Building, the Nikolskaya, the Trinity and the Boroviskaya Towers. The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are remarkable achievements of Russian cost ironwork.
Cathedral Square is the ancient centre of the Kremlin Architectural ensemble. The main Kremlin cathedrals are located here. The Tsars were crowned in the Cathedral of the Domination and buried in the Archangel Cathedral.
The Tsar would leave the Facetted Palace from the Red Porch. After services in the Cathedral of the Domination a procession would cross Cathedral Square.
The Cathedral of the Domination was built by Halian architect Aristotle Fioravanti from 1475-1479 in the style of the Russian 12 th century The Cathedral of the Domination at Vladimir. Unique examples of ancient art are preserved here; the Byzantine icon of the Virgin of
Vladimir and the icons of St. George and the Holy Trinity. The Cathedral of the Domination was the most important in Ancient Rus. The first Russian Tsar Ivan the Great was crowned here.
The Archangel Cathedral , built by Halian architect Alevisio Nove in 1505-1509 served as the burial place of Russian Tsars and grand princes. Here you can see the ancient head-stone of Ivan Kalita.
The cathedral contains the priceless 15 th -century icon of the Archangel Michael, assumed to be the work of Andrei Rublyov.
The Cathedral of the Annunciation was built in the Late 14 th and early 15 th centuries. In the 1480s, during the reign of Ivan Ш, Pskov master craftsmen constructed a new three domed brick church on the foundations of on older structure. The church was rebuilt in 1562-1564 after
A fire, and another two domes and four corner side-chapels with cupolas were added. The Cathedral walls were pointed by Feodosii and his followers in 1508. The second and third tier of icons were pointed in 1405 by Andrei Rublyov, Theophanes the Greek and Prokhor of Gorodets.
Ivan the Great’s Bell Tower is regarded as a marvel of early 16 th -century architecture. It was built in 1505-08 by Bon Friazin, and two additional tiers were added in 1600 by order of Boris Godunov. This was the Kremlin’s main watch tower. The Faceted Palace is the oldest secular building in Moscow, erected by architects Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari in 1487-91. The faceted stone facade after which named overlooks Cathedral Palace.
The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural centre of Moscow.
A fire, and another two domes and four corner side-chapels with cupolas were added. The Cathedral walls were pointed by Feodosii and his followers in 1508. The second and third tier of icons were pointed in 1405 by Andrei Rublyov, Theophanes the Greek and Prokhor of Gorodets. The Cathedral of the Domination was built by Halian architect Aristotle Fioravanti from 1475−1479 in the style of the… Читать ещё >
The history of Moscow ( реферат , курсовая , диплом , контрольная )
EXECUTOR:
Moscow was fist mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. At that time it was a small frontier post. It is the official date of the foundation of Moscow; Thought the settlement had been there for some time before. It was fortified and became a market town in the late 12 th century. The town was almost to tally destroyed in 1237 and 1293 during the Tatar invasion. It was again captured by the Tatars in 1382. And it was Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy who led the Russian troops to a decisive victory over the invader in the battle of Kulikovo field in 1380.
By the 15 th century Moscow turned into a wealthy city. It was under Ivan Ш that Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy. At that time the Kremlin
Was rebuilt and the Kremlin Cathedrals were erected.
By the 15 th century Moscow turned into a wealthy city. It was under Ivan Ш that Moscow became the capital of the state of Muscovy at the time the Kremlin was rebuilt and the Kremlin Cathedrals were erected.
During the time of Troubles Moscow was occupied by the Polish invaders but they were routed by the popular levy headed by Minin and Pozharsky.
By the end of the 15 th century Moscow extended its rule over most of central and northern Russia. Its rulers continued to build fortifications around it.
The transfer of the capital by Peter the Great to St. Petersburg in 1712 brought a period of decline to Moscow.
I have a special liking for the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral. They are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower, has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin you can see old Cathedrals. The Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, the Palace of Congresses, the Tsar-Cannon and the Tsar-Bell, the biggest cannon and bell in the world. St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid — 16 th century in memory of the victory over Kazan. There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Burma and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create another masterpiece.
The Moscow Kremlin is the ancient centre of Moscow. It is located on Borovitsky Hill on the left lank the Moskva river and considered one of the most beautiful architectural ensembles in the world.
In 1156 the Kremlin was fortified with ramparts and in 1367 white stone towers and walls were erected. Brick buildings were added between 1485 and 1495 ["https://referat.bookap.info", 26].
The Moscow Kremlin contains fine examples of Russian architecture of the 15 th to 17 th centuries the Cathedrals of the Domination, the Annunciation and the Archangel. Ivan the Great’s Bell Tower, the Faceted Palace, the Terem Palace, the Senate Building, the Nikolskaya, the Trinity and the Boroviskaya Towers. The Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell are remarkable achievements of Russian cost ironwork.
Cathedral Square is the ancient centre of the Kremlin Architectural ensemble. The main Kremlin cathedrals are located here. The Tsars were crowned in the Cathedral of the Domination and buried in the Archangel Cathedral.
The Tsar would leave the Facetted Palace from the Red Porch. After services in the Cathedral of the Domination a procession would cross Cathedral Square.
The Cathedral of the Domination was built by Halian architect Aristotle Fioravanti from 1475−1479 in the style of the Russian 12 th century The Cathedral of the Domination at Vladimir. Unique examples of ancient art are preserved here; the Byzantine icon of the Virgin of
Vladimir and the icons of St. George and the Holy Trinity. The Cathedral of the Domination was the most important in Ancient Rus. The first Russian Tsar Ivan the Great was crowned here.
The Archangel Cathedral, built by Halian architect Alevisio Nove in 1505−1509 served as the burial place of Russian Tsars and grand princes. Here you can see the ancient head-stone of Ivan Kalita.
The cathedral contains the priceless 15 th -century icon of the Archangel Michael, assumed to be the work of Andrei Rublyov.
The Cathedral of the Annunciation was built in the Late 14 th and early 15 th centuries. In the 1480s, during the reign of Ivan Ш, Pskov master craftsmen constructed a new three domed brick church on the foundations of on older structure. The church was rebuilt in 1562−1564 after
A fire, and another two domes and four corner side-chapels with cupolas were added. The Cathedral walls were pointed by Feodosii and his followers in 1508. The second and third tier of icons were pointed in 1405 by Andrei Rublyov, Theophanes the Greek and Prokhor of Gorodets.
Ivan the Great’s Bell Tower is regarded as a marvel of early 16 th -century architecture. It was built in 1505−08 by Bon Friazin, and two additional tiers were added in 1600 by order of Boris Godunov. This was the Kremlin’s main watch tower. The Faceted Palace is the oldest secular building in Moscow, erected by architects Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari in 1487−91. The faceted stone facade after which named overlooks Cathedral Palace.
The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural centre of Moscow.
Дорогой ученик! В этом материале подготовлено описание достопримечательностей Москвы. Под английским текстом есть перевод на русский язык.
Red Square
Red Square is one of the most famous Russia's places of interest. It is located right in the heart of Moscow.
Many significant buildings surround Red Square. There is the Kremlin, Lenin's Mausoleum, Saint Basil's Cathedral, GUM trading house and Kazan Cathedral there. The State Historical Museum is also located in the square.
Red Square is the place where a lot of festivals are celebrated.
The Kremlin
The Kremlin is a fortified complex in the centre of Moscow. It is the main political and historical place of the city.
The walls of the Kremlin are made in the form of an irregular triangle. The Troitskaya Tower is the tallest tower of the Kremlin. Its height is 80 metres . The Spasskaya Tower features the clock which is known as the Kremlin chimes. The Kremlin has 20 towers in total.
Today the Kremlin is the official residence of the President of Russia.
Saint Basil's Cathedral
Saint Basil's Cathedral is located in Red Square. This Orthodox church is a world-famous landmark. The church was built in the XVI century by order of Ivan the Terrible . There are 11 domes in Saint Basil's Cathedral. Its height is 65 metres .
In the XX century the church was open for public as a museum. It is one of the most recognizable tourist attractions. Saint Basil's Cathedral is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Bolshoi Theatre
The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most renowned theatres in the world. It is located in the heart of Moscow in Theatre Square. The performances of ballet and opera are held there.
The Bolshoi Theatre was founded in 1776. Since then more than 800 productions have been staged there.
A lot of artists who work in the Bolshoi Theatre are awarded honorary titles. From 2005 to 2011 the theatre was closed for reconstruction.
The State Tretyakov Gallery
The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest depositaries of Russian fine art in the world. It was founded in 1856 by Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant.
At first the gallery was located in a mansion owned by the Tretyakov family but with the growth of the collection new extensions were added to the mansion.
During the Great Patriotic War the collection was conveyed to Novosibirsk and in May 1945 returned to Moscow.
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was built in the XIX century. The cathedral is a memorial to those who died during the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte.
It took 44 years for the cathedral to be built. In 1931 it was destroyed and only in 1994-1997 rebuilt anew. The overall height of the cathedral is 103 metres .
Ostankino Tower
Ostankino Tower is the 8th tallest freestanding structure in the world and the tallest in Europe and Russia. Its height is 540,1 metres .
Ostankino Tower is open for tourists. There is the Seventh Heaven restaurant and two observation platforms. One of the platforms is outdoor and the other one is indoor. There is also a concert hall in Ostankino Tower where different events are held.
The Moscow Metro
The first line of the Moscow Metro was opened in 1935. Today the Moscow Metro is the 5th busiest metro in the world.
A lot of underground stations are landmarks.
The Moscow Metro consists of 13 lines with 203 stations (2017). Nearly all of them are underground. During rush hours the minimum interval between trains is 90 seconds.
Moscow City
Moscow City is a business district in the centre of Moscow. The area is still under construction.
In Moscow City there are office buildings, shopping malls, leisure centres, exhibition centre, restaurants, elite apartments and flats and even Matrimonial Centre.
Sparrow Hills
Sparrow Hills is one of the most significant Moscow's landmarks. It reaches the height of 80 metres above the Moskva river.
Sparrow Hills is one of the most scenic places in Moscow. The observation platform on the hill is a place worth visiting. It gives the best panoramic view of the city which both residents of the city and tourists can admire.
In 1987 this landmark was declared a natural sanctuary.
Знаменитые достопримечательности Москвы
Красная Площадь
Красная площадь – одна из самых известных достопримечательностей России. Она находится в самом центре Москвы.
Многочисленные значимые здания окружают Красную площадь. На ней расположен Кремль, мавзолей Ленина, храм Василия Блаженного, ГУМ и Казанский собор. Государственный исторический музей также находится на площади.
На Красной площади проводятся многочисленные празднования.
Кремль
Кремль – это крепость в центре Москвы. Это главное политическое и историческое место города.
Стены Кремля образуют неправильный треугольник. Троицкая башня – самая высокая башня Кремля. Ее высота – 80 метров . На Спасской башне установлены часы, известные как Кремлевские куранты. В общей сложности в Кремле 20 башен.
Сегодня Кремль является официальной резиденцией президента России.
Собор Василия Блаженного
Собор Василия Блаженного расположен на Красной площади. Эта православная церковь является всемирно известной достопримечательностью. Собор был построен в XVI веке по приказу Ивана Грозного . В соборе Василия Блаженного 11 колоколов. Его высота составляет 65 метров.
В XX веке собор был открыт в качестве музея. Это одна из самых узнаваемых достопримечательностей. Храм Василия Блаженного включен в Список всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО.
Большой театр
Большой театр – один из самых известных театров мира. Он расположен в самом центре Москвы на Театральной площади. В нем ставят балет и оперу.
Большой театр был основан в 1776 году. С тех пор на его сцене было поставлено более 800 произведений.
Многие артисты, работающие в Большом театре, удостоены почетных званий. С 2005 по 2011 год театр был закрыт на реконструкцию.
Государственная Третьяковская галерея
Государственная Третьяковская галерея содержит одну из самых крупных коллекций русского изобразительного искусства в мире. Она была основана в 1856 году Павлом Третьяковым, московским купцом.
Сначала галерея располагалась в особняке, принадлежащем семье Третьяковых, но по мере роста коллекции к нему пристраивались другие помещения.
Во время Великой Отечественной войны коллекция была перевезена в Новосибирск и только в мае 1945 года была вновь привезена в Москву.
Храм Христа Спасителя
Храм Христа Спасителя был воздвигнут в XIX веке. Храм является памятником воинам, погибшим во время нашествия Наполеона Бонапарта.
Храм строился 44 года. В 1931 здание было разрушено и только в 1994-1997 годах заново возведено. Высота храма составляет 103 метра .
Останкинская телебашня
Московский метрополитен
Первая линия Московского метро открылась в 1935 году. На сегодняшний день Московское метро является 5-м в мире по интенсивности использования.
Многие станции метро являются памятниками архитектуры.
В Московском метро 13 линий, на которых располагаются 203 станции (2017) . Почти все станции метро являются подземными. В часы пик минимальный интервал между поездами составляет 90 секунд.
Москва-Сити
Москва-Сити – это деловой район в центре Москвы. Район до сих пор строится.
В Москва-Сити есть офисные здания, торговые и развлекательные центры, выставочный центр, рестораны, элитные апартаменты и квартиры и даже Дворец Бракосочетаний.
Воробьевы горы
Воробьевы горы – одна из самых значимых достопримечательностей Москвы. Они возвышаются на 80 метров над уровнем Москвы-реки.
Воробьевы горы – одно из красивейших мест Москвы. Смотровая площадка на холмах – это место, которое стоит посетить. С нее открывается самая лучшая панорама, которой могут полюбоваться как жители города, так и туристы.
- Для учеников 1-11 классов и дошкольников
- Бесплатные сертификаты учителям и участникам
Tourist attractions in Moscow – Достопримечательности Москвы
Moscow's most famous places of interest
Red Square is one of the most famous Russia's places of interest. It is located right in the heart of Moscow.
Many significant buildings surround Red Square. There is the Kremlin, Lenin's Mausoleum, Saint Basil's Cathedral, GUM trading house and Kazan Cathedral there. The State Historical Museum is also located in the square.
Red Square is the place where a lot of festivals are celebrated.
The Kremlin
The Kremlin is a fortified complex in the centre of Moscow. It is the main political and historical place of the city.
The walls of the Kremlin are made in the form of an irregular triangle. The Troitskaya Tower is the tallest tower of the Kremlin. Its height is 80 metres. The Spasskaya Tower features the clock which is known as the Kremlin chimes. The Kremlin has 20 towers in total.
Today the Kremlin is the official residence of the President of Russia.
Saint Basil's Cathedral
Saint Basil's Cathedral is located in Red Square. This Orthodox church is a world-famous landmark. The church was built in the XVI century by order of Ivan the Terrible. There are 11 domes in Saint Basil's Cathedral. Its height is 65 metres.
In the XX century the church was open for public as a museum. It is one of the most recognizable tourist attractions. Saint Basil's Cathedral is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Bolshoi Theatre
The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most renowned theatres in the world. It is located in the heart of Moscow in Theatre Square. The performances of ballet and opera are held there.
The Bolshoi Theatre was founded in 1776. Since then more than 800 productions have been staged there.
A lot of artists who work in the Bolshoi Theatre are awarded honorary titles. From 2005 to 2011 the theatre was closed for reconstruction.
The State Tretyakov Gallery
The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest depositaries of Russian fine art in the world. It was founded in 1856 by Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant.
At first the gallery was located in a mansion owned by the Tretyakov family but with the growth of the collection new extensions were added to the mansion.
During the Great Patriotic War the collection was conveyed to Novosibirsk and in May 1945 returned to Moscow.
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour
The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour was built in the XIX century. The cathedral is a memorial to those who died during the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte.
It took 44 years for the cathedral to be built. In 1931 it was destroyed and only in 1994-1997 rebuilt anew.
The overall height of the cathedral is 103 metres. It is the tallest Orthodox church in the world.
Ostankino Tower
Ostankino Tower is the 8th tallest freestanding structure in the world and the tallest in Europe and Russia. Its height is 540,1 metres.
Ostankino Tower is open for tourists. There is the Seventh Heaven restaurant and two observation platforms. One of the platforms is outdoor and the other one is indoor. There is also a concert hall in Ostankino Tower where different events are held.
The Moscow Metro
The first line of the Moscow Metro was opened in 1935. Today the Moscow Metro is the 5th busiest metro in the world.
A lot of underground stations are landmarks.
The Moscow Metro consists of 13 lines with 203 stations (2017). Nearly all of them are underground. During rush hours the minimum interval between trains is 90 seconds.
Moscow City
Moscow City is a business district in the centre of Moscow. The area is still under construction. By 2016 12 buildings out of 23 have been built there.
In Moscow City there are office buildings, shopping malls, leisure centres, exhibition centre, restaurants, elite apartments and flats and even Matrimonial Centre.
Moscow City is a business district designed to comply with international standards.
Sparrow Hills
Sparrow Hills is one of the most significant Moscow's landmarks. It reaches the height of 80 metres above the Moskva river.
Sparrow Hills is one of the most scenic places in the capital of Russia. The observation platform on the hill is a place worth visiting. It gives the best panoramic view of the city which both residents of the city and tourists can admire.
In 1987 this landmark was declared a natural sanctuary.
Знаменитые достопримечательности Москвы
Красная Площадь
Красная площадь – одна из самых известных достопримечательностей России. Она находится в самом центре Москвы.
Многочисленные значимые здания окружают Красную площадь. На ней расположен Кремль, мавзолей Ленина, храм Василия Блаженного, ГУМ и Казанский собор. Государственный исторический музей также находится на площади.
На Красной площади проводятся многочисленные празднования.
Кремль – это крепость в центре Москвы. Это главное политическое и историческое место города.
Стены Кремля образуют неправильный треугольник. Троицкая башня – самая высокая башня Кремля. Ее высота – 80 метров. На Спасской башне установлены часы, известные как Кремлевские куранты. В общей сложности в Кремле 20 башен.
Сегодня Кремль является официальной резиденцией президента России.
Собор Василия Блаженного
Собор Василия Блаженного расположен на Красной площади. Эта православная церковь является всемирно известной достопримечательностью. Собор был построен в XVI веке по приказу Ивана Грозного. В соборе Василия Блаженного 11 колоколов. Его высота составляет 65 метров.
В XX веке собор был открыт в качестве музея. Это одна из самых узнаваемых достопримечательностей. Храм Василия Блаженного включен в список Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО.
Большой театр
Большой театр – один из самых известных театров мира. Он расположен в самом центре Москвы на Театральной площади. В нем ставят балет и оперу.
Большой театр был основан в 1776 году. С тех пор на его сцене было поставлено более 800 произведений.
Многие артисты, работающие в Большом театре, удостоены почетных званий. С 2005 по 2011 год театр был закрыт на реконструкцию.
Государственная Третьяковская галерея
Государственная Третьяковская галерея содержит одну из самых крупных коллекций русского изобразительного искусства в мире. Она была основана в 1856 году Павлом Третьяковым, московским купцом.
Сначала галерея располагалась в особняке, принадлежащем семье Третьяковых, но по мере роста коллекции к нему пристраивались другие помещения.
Во время Великой Отечественной войны коллекция была перевезена в Новосибирск и только в мае 1945 года была вновь привезена в Москву.
Храм Христа Спасителя
Храм Христа Спасителя был воздвигнут в XIX веке. Храм является памятником воинам, погибшим во время нашествия Наполеона Бонапарта.
Храм строился 44 года. В 1931 здание было разрушено и только в 1994-1997 годах заново возведено.
Высота храма составляет 103 метра. Храм Христа Спасителя является самой высокой православной церковью в мире.
Останкинская телебашня
Московский метрополитен
Первая линия Московского метро открылась в 1935 году. На сегодняшний день Московское метро является 5-м в мире по интенсивности использования.
Многие станции метро являются памятниками архитектуры.
В Московском метро 13 линий, на которых располагаются 203 станции (2017). Почти все станции метро являются подземными. В часы пик минимальный интервал между поездами составляет 90 секунд.
Москва-Сити – это деловой район в центре Москвы. Район до сих пор строится. К 2016 году было построено 12 зданий из 23.
В Москва-Сити есть офисные здания, торговые и развлекательные центры, выставочный центр, рестораны, элитные апартаменты и квартиры и даже Дворец Бракосочетаний.
Москва-Сити – это бизнес-квартал, спроектированный с учетом международных стандартов.
Воробьевы горы
Воробьевы горы – одна из самых значимых достопримечательностей Москвы. Они возвышаются на 80 метров над уровнем Москвы-реки.
Воробьевы горы – одно из красивейших мест российской столицы. Смотровая площадка на холмах – это место, которое стоит посетить. С нее открывается самая лучшая панорама, которой могут полюбоваться как жители города, так и туристы.
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