Public holidays and celebrations in great britain кратко
Обновлено: 02.07.2024
All the public holidays, except Christmas Day and Boxing Day, observed on the 25th and 26th of December respectively, do not fall on the same date each year. Good Friday and Easter Monday depend on Easter Sunday which falls on the first Monday in May. The Spring Bank Holiday is on the last Monday of May, while Late Summer Bank Holiday comes on the last Monday in August.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though for the greater part of the population they have long lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat, drink and make merry.
Certain customs and traditions are associated with most bank holidays. The reason is that many of them are part of holiday seasons like Easter and Christmas seasons which are religious by origin and are marked by centuries-old traditions.
Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary working days.
British Holidays — Праздники в Великобритании. Текст на английском языке + аудио
Пройдите тест на уровень английского:
British Holidays
Each holiday is good, but there are some of them that are really special and more popular than others.
New Year’s Day (December 31 – January 1) is a bank holiday. Like many nations around the world, British people celebrate it by hosting parties with their friends and families to await the countdown to the New Year. In Scotland they call it Hogmanay and celebrate it by having a party with friends and setting fireworks off. In many cities there are free celebrations that anyone can join.
Valentine’s Day (February 14) is celebrated in many countries around the world, although it is not a public holiday in most of them. This day has a Catholic origin and has been associated with romantic love since it was mentioned in one of Geoffrey Chaucer’s poems. Nowadays, it’s the day of anyone who is in love. On the Valentine’s Day people usually give to the person they love some sweets, a traditional heart-shaped card (“valentine”) and say, “Be my Valentine”.
Halloween (October 31) also known as All Hallow’s Eve, or All Saint’s Eve, is a yearly celebration observed in a number of countries on October 31. It is the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead. On this day children will dress up in costumes and go ‘trick or treating’ around the neighborhood. “Trick or Treating” involves knocking on someone’s door and saying ‘Trick or Treat’. That person gives them a treat (usually sweets). Children enjoy the holiday because they go home with a bag of sweets!
Guy Fawkes Night (November 5) is a firework festival associated with the tradition of celebrating Guy Fawkes’s failed attempt to blow up the Houses of Parliament in 1605. It is an annual event dedicated to bonfires, fireworks and celebrations.
Christmas (December 25) is the most important holiday for British families. This is the day that people spend with their families. There are many Christmas traditions, but the most important one is about presents. Family members prepare their gifts and put them under the Christmas tree. In the evening they sit down around the table and enjoy the meal. Then they watch the Queen’s speech on the television as she delivers her traditional Christmas message to the people of the United Kingdom. After that, family eats the Christmas cake and goes to sleep. In the morning all the family members wake up and gather around the tree to find the presents that were prepared for them.
Boxing Day (December 26) is based on the tradition of giving gifts to poor people after celebrating Christmas. The word “boxing” refers to gift boxes, and has nothing to do with the sport.
Текст на английском языке с переводом. Holidays in the United Kingdom — Праздники в Великобритании.
Это вариант с переводом. Перевод дается для каждого предложения в отдельности.
There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Summer Bank Holiday. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed. The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It is a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated. Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold a carol service on the Sunday before Christmas. The fun starts the night before, on December 24. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at the end of their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets. Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding. And everyone gives and receives presents. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or perhaps sit at home and watch football. New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. But in Scotland, Hogmanay is the biggest festival of the year. Besides public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on November 5. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The King's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head. Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off fireworks. This dummy is called a "guy" (like Guy Fawkes) and children can often be seen in the streets before the fifth of November saying, "Penny for the guy." If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks. There are also smaller, local festivals in Britain.
Праздники в Великобритании
В Великобритании меньше выходных дней, чем в других европейских странах. К ним относятся Рождество, День подарков, Новый Год, Страстная пятница, Пасхальный понедельник, Майский день, Праздник весны и Праздник лета. Выходные дни в Англии называют банковскими днями, потому что банки, как и большинство офисов и магазинов, закрыты. Самый популярный праздник - Рождество. Каждый год народ Норвегии дарит Лондону подарок. Это большая Рождественская елка, она стоит на Трафальгарской площади. Центральные улицы красиво украшены. Перед Рождеством группы певцов идут от дома к дому. Они собирают деньги на благотворительность и поют колядки - традиционные рождественские песни. Многие церкви проводят торжественные службы в воскресенье перед Рождеством. Веселье начинается накануне вечером, 24 декабря. Традиционно в этот день люди украшают свои елки. Дети вешают чулки возле кровати, надеясь, что Санта Клаус спуститься по трубе ночью и заполнит их игрушками и сладостями. Рождество - семейный праздник. Родственники обычно встречаются за большим Рождественским обедом из индейки и Рождественского пудинга. И каждый дарит и получает подарки. 26 декабря - День подарков. Это дополнительный праздник после Рождества. Это время для посещения друзей и родственников, а может быть и для того чтобы сидеть дома и смотреть футбол. Первый день Нового года менее популярен в Великобритании чем Рождество. Но в Шотландии Hogmanay (Хогманей) - это самый большой фестиваль года. Кроме общественных праздников существуют специальные фестивали в Великобритании. Один из них проходит 5 ноября. В этот день в 1605 году, Гай Фокс попытался взорвать здание Парламента и убить короля Джеймса I. Он не сумел. Люди короля нашли бомбу, заточили Гая Фокса в Тауэр и отрубили ему голову. С тех пор британцы отмечают 5 ноября. Они сжигают чучело, сделанное из соломы и старой одежды на костре, и пускают фейерверки. Этот манекен называется "парень" (как Гай Фокс), и часто можно увидеть детей на улицах 5 ноября говорящих: "Пенни для парня". Если они собирают достаточно денег, они могут купить фейерверки. В Великобритании есть также небольшие местные фестивали.
Топик Государственные праздники и торжества в Великобритании - рассказывает о самых главных праздниках страны. Их всего шесть: Рождество, День рождественских подарков, Страстная (или Святая) пятница, Пасхальный понедельник, Весенний праздник (или Весенние банковские каникулы) и Августовский праздник (или Летние банковские каникулы). Большинство этих праздников имеют религиозное происхождение, но для значительной части населения они потеряли свое религиозное значение и сейчас это просто дни, в которые люди отдыхают и веселятся. Рождество и День рождественских подарков отмечаются 25 и 26 декабря соответственно, а остальные государственные праздники не приходятся на одну и ту же дату. Кроме этих шести основных торжеств, в Великобритании отмечаются и другие праздники.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though it would be right to say that for the great part of the population they have lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, drink and make merry. All public holidays, except Christmas day and Boxing day observed on December 25th and 26th respectively, are movable, that is don't fall on the same day each year.
Christmas day observed on December 25th is the most popular public holiday of the year in all parts of Great Britain except Scotland. On Christmas Eve offices and public buildings close at one o'clock, but the shops stay open late. Most big cities, especially London, are decorated with Christmas trees and colored lights across the streets. Everybody wants to be at home for Christmas. At homes there's a great air of expectation. The children are decorating the tree, housewives are busy in the kitchen getting things ready for the next day's dinner. The Christmas food, nowadays usually turkey, is being prepared and stuffed. The chief Christmas tree is usually placed on Trafalgar Square, in front of the national Gallery, and it has become a tradition that the tree is a present from the people of Oslo.
December 26th is called Boxing day because traditionally it was the day for people still give a "Christmas box" to the postman and milkman, but it's usually some money. This is the day when one visits friends, goes for a drive or a long walk or just sits around recovering from eating too much food. In the big cities and towns, tradition on that day demands a visit to the Christmas pantomime where one is entertained by the story of Cinderella, or Puss in Boots, or whoever it may be.
Easter is a religious holiday and Easter Monday is a bank holiday. Certain old traditions are observed, whenever it's celebrated as the start of spring or a religious festival. London greets the spring with a spectacular show, Easter Parade in Batter Sea Park on Easter Sunday each year. It is sponsored by the London Tourist Board and is usually planned around a central theme related to the history and attractions of London. During the Easter Holidays the attention of the progressive people in Britain and indeed throughout the world stays focused. First and foremost on the Easter Peace Marches, which took place for the first time in 1958 and have since become traditional.
Good Friday and Easter Monday depend on Easter Sunday, which falls on the 1st Sunday after a full Moon on or after March 21st. The Spring Bank Holiday falls on the last Monday of May or on the 1st Monday of June, while the Late Summer Bank Holiday comes on the last Monday in August or on the first Monday in September, depending on which of the Monday is nearer to June 1st and September 1st respectively.
Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, for example, Pancake Day and Bonfire High on which certain traditions are observed.
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