Высшее образование в сша кратко на английском

Обновлено: 02.07.2024

America is a huge country and I can not even imagine how many schools and kindergartens there are. Education in the USA is provided in public, private and home schools. The educational system in the USA and Russia is completely different. First of all children go to school there for 12 years. And also the system and program is totally different. Also every state has different system of education. For this reason it’s not easy for parents to decide where education can be better for their children.

Most part of children go to public schools. Government usually pays to these schools. Private schools are very expensive. But the level of education is so much better. And colleges and universities actually want to see students from private schools.

At the age of 5-6 years child goes to elementary school. Here they study maths, reading, writing, music, art and physical education.

At the age of 11-12 children go to middle school. Here students study English, history, science and so on.

In the high school children start to choose subjects that they need. After high school students are getting ready for SAT. It will help them to enter the college and university.

After school children can do extra classes is dancing, sport, theatre and art.

American system of marks is the same like in the United Kingdom. A,B,C,D,F, where A is excellent and F is very bad.

As you can see education in the USA is really different, but children there have also excellent knowledge.

Образование в США

Большая часть детей идут в государственную школу. Правительство обычно оплачивает эти школы. А вот частные школы очень дорогие. Но и уровень подготовки там куда лучше. Колледжи и университеты хотят видеть студентов именно из частных школ.

В возрасте 5-6 лет ребёнок идёт в начальную школу. Тут они изучают математику, чтение, письмо, музыку, искусство и физкультуру.

В возрасте 11-12 лет дети идут в среднюю школу. Тут уже они начинают изучать английский язык, историю и разные науки. В высшей школе дети могут выбирать нужные им предметы. А после высшей школы они готовятся к тестам SAT. Они помогут поступить в колледж или университет. После школы дети могут пойти на дополнительные занятия танцами, спортом, театром и искусством.

Американская система отметок такая же как и в Великобритании. A,B,C,D,F, где А -отлично, а F- очень плохо.

Как видите, образование в США на самом деле другое, но у детей там тоже отличные знания.

In the United States, a student who has finished high school, may want to continue in higher education. There are several ways to do it: universities, colleges, community colleges, and technical or vocational schools.

A university in the United States usually has several different colleges in it. Each has a special subject area. There may be a college of liberal arts where humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and mathematics are taught. There may be a college of education and a college of business. A program for undergraduates usually takes four years. University students get an undergraduate degree in the arts or sciences. If they complete a course of study they get Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. Students may leave the university at this time. They may also go on for a graduate or professional degree. The university always has programs for graduate and professional study in many subjects.

The university may get money from several different sources. A publicly funded university gets some money from the state government. A privately funded university gets money only from private sources. Or the university may be funded by a religious group.

College students usually spend four years at school, too. A college does not have graduate or professional programs. If a college student completes a course of study in arts or science, he or she gets Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. If college students want to continue for a graduate or professional degree, they must go to University. The college is usually funded in one of the three ways already described.

The program of study in the community college usually lasts two years. Not all of the subjects taught there are the usual school subjects. The community college may give courses in the regular academic subjects or subjects like dental technology, sewing and other non-academic subjects. Not all students of the community college have a high school diploma. They may then go to a college for two more years to get the bachelor’s degree. Community colleges are nearly always publicly funded.

The technical or vocational school has only job training, it has no academic program. Students may have a high school diploma, or not. Programs may take from six months to two years and more. The technical or vocational school gives training for work in areas such as electronics, carpentry and others.

Текст - 5000 знаков, с переводом и словарём (список ста слов из текста), без транскрипций. + При желании в архиве лежит материал для доработки(увеличения) данной работы самостоятельно.

Фрагменты из работы

Higher Education in the USA

Finishing school is the beginning of an independent life for millions of school graduates. Many roads are open before them. But it is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more than the 2000 existing in the world.

Out of the more than three million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on for "higher education”. Simply by being admitted into one of the most respected universities in the United States, a high school graduate achieves a degree of success. A college at a leading university might receive applications from two percent of these high school graduates, and then accept only one out of every ten who apply. Successful applicants at such colleges are usually chosen on the basis of:

  • a) high school records;
  • b) recommendations from high school teachers;
  • c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;
  • d) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT);

The system of higher education in the United States is complex. It comprises four categories of institution:

  1. The university, which may contain:
    • several colleges for undergraduate students seeking a bachelor’s four-year degree;
    • one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree;
  2. The four-year undergraduate institution – the college – most of which are not part of a university;
  3. The technical training institution, at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration, and learn a wide variety of technical skills, from hair styling through business accounting to computer programming;
  4. The two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may go to four-year colleges or universities.

Any of these institutions, in any category, might be either public or private, depending on the source of its funding. There is no clear or inevitable distinction in terms of quality of education offered between the institutions, which are publicly or privately funded. However, this is not to say that all institutions enjoy equal prestige, nor that there are no material differences among them.

Can America’s colleges and universities rest on their accomplishments? About 12 million students currently attend schools of higher education in America. They are students in a society that believe in the bond between education and democracy.

Still, many Americans are not satisfied with the condition of higher education in their country. Perhaps the most widespread complaint has to do with the college curriculum as a whole and with the wide range of electives in particular. In the middle of 1980s, the Association of American Colleges (AAC) issued a report that called for teaching a body of common knowledge to all college students. The National Institute of Education (NIE) issued a somewhat similar report, "Involvement in Learning”. In its report, the NIE concluded that the college curriculum has become "excessively vocational and work-related”. The report also warned that college education may no longer be developing in students "the shared values and knowledge” that traditionally bind Americans together. A serious charge: Is it true?

For the moment, to some degree, it probably is. Certainly, some students complete their degree work without a course in Western Civilization – not to mention other world cultures. Others leave college without having studied science or government. As one response, many colleges have begun reemphasizing a core curriculum that all students must master.

Such problems are signs that American higher education is changing, as it has throughout its history. And, as in the past, this change may be leading in unexpected directions. The Puritans set up colleges to train ministers. But their students made their mark as the leaders of the world’s first constitutional democracy. The land grant colleges were founded to teach agriculture and engineering to the builders of the American West. Today, many of these colleges are leading schools in the world of scientific research. Americans have always had a stake in "making the system work”. They have especially critical reasons for doing so in the field of education. People in the United States today are faced with momentous questions: "What is America’s proper role as the world’s oldest constitutional democracy; its largest, economy; its first nuclear power?”

Americans cherish their right to express opinions on all such issues. But the people of the United States are also painfully aware of how complex such issues are. To take part in dealing with new problems, most Americans feel they need all the information they can get. Colleges and universities are the most important centers of such learning. And whatever improvements may be demanded, their future is almost guaranteed by the American thirst to advance and be well informed. In fact, the next charge in American education may be a trend for people to continue their education in college – for a lifetime.

Перевод

Высшее образование в США

Окончание школы - начало независимой жизни для миллионов молодых людей, получивших дипломы. Множество дорог открыто перед ними. Но не так легко выбрать профессию из более двух тысяч существующих в мире.

Из более трех миллионов учащихся, оканчивающих ежегодно среднюю школу, приблизительно один миллион продолжает получать высшее образование. Просто, поступая в один из наиболее престижных университетов Соединенных Штатов, выпускники средней школы достигают большего успеха. Колледж как ведущий университет мог бы принимать заявления от двух процентов выпускников средней школы, и затем принимать только одного из каждых десяти поступающих. Для успешного поступления в такие колледжи претенденты обычно выбираются на основании следующих показателей:

  • а) высоких оценок в средней школе;
  • б) рекомендаций от преподавателей средней школы;
  • в) впечатления, которое они производят на собеседовании в университете;
  • г) их баллов в интеллектуальных тестах - Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT);

Система высшего образования в Соединенных Штатах сложна. Она включает четыре вида учреждений:

  1. Университет, который может включать:
    • несколько колледжей для поступивших студентов, претендующих на четырехлетнюю степень бакалавра;
    • одну или более школ для продолжения специализированного обучения выше степени бакалавра, чтобы стать специалистом или получить докторскую степень;
  2. Четырехлетнее образовательное учреждение – колледж, большинство из которых не являются частью университета;
  3. Техническое училище, в котором выпускники средней школы могут проходить курсы продолжительностью от шести месяцев до четырех лет, и изучать различные технические навыки, от парикмахерского дела до бухгалтерского учета и компьютерного программирования;
  4. Двухлетнее образовательное учреждение, или общественный колледж, после которого студенты могут работать по различным профессиям или продолжить обучение в четырехлетних колледжах или университетах.

Любое из этих учреждений, в любой категории, может быть бесплатным или частным, в зависимости от источника его финансирования. Нет никакого очевидного различия в качестве образования, предлагаемого разными учреждениями, финансируемыми открыто или конфиденциально.

There are about 3,000 colleges and universities, both private and public, in the United States. They are all independent, offering their own choice of studies, setting their own admission standards and deciding which students meet those standards. The greater the prestige of the university, the higher the grades required.

The terms "college" and "university" are often used interchangeably, as "college" is used to refer to all undergraduate education and the four-year undergraduate programme, leading to a bachelor's degree, can be followed at either college or university.

Universities is larger than colleges and also have graduate schools where students can receive post-graduate education.

During the first two years students usually follow general courses in the arts or sciences and then choose a major (the subject or area of studies in which they concentrate — the other subjects are called minors).

Credits (with grades) are awarded for the successful completion of each course. These credits are often transferable, so students who have not done well in high school can choose a junior college (or community college), which offers a two-year "transfer" programme, preparing students for degree-granting institutions.

Community colleges also offer two-year courses of a vocational nature, leading to technical and semi-professional occupations, such as journalism.

Высшее образование в США

Существует приблизительно 3000 колледжей и университетов как частных, так и государственных в Соединенных Штатах. Все они независимы, предлагая свой собственный набор дисциплин, устанавливая свои собственные правила приема и решая, какие студенты отвечают этим стандартам. Чем выше престиж университета, тем выше требуются зачеты и оценки.

Университеты имеют тенденцию быть больше чем колледжи и также иметь аспирантуру, где студенты могут получить послевузовское образование. Продвинутые или университетские степени включают право и медицину.

Во время первых двух лет студенты изучают общеобразовательные курсы по искусству или науке и затем выбирают специализацию (предмет или область исследований, на который они концентрируются — другие предметы называют второстепенными).

Районные колледжи также предлагают двухлетние курсы профессионально-технического характера, направленные на техническую и полупрофессиональную подготовку, такую как журналистика.

Сохранить эту страницу в социальной сети:

Англо-русский словарь онлайн

5 тестов скорости!

Читайте также: